Joy E, Clark N, Ireland M L, Martire J, Nattiv A, Varechok S
Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 1997 Mar;25(3):94-110. doi: 10.3810/psm.1997.03.1238.
The female athlete triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis affects many active women and girls, especially those in sports that emphasize appearance or leanness. Because of the athlete's psychological defense mechanisms and the stigma surrounding disordered eating, physicians may need to ask targeted questions about nutrition habits when assessing a patient who has a stress fracture or amenorrhea, or during preparticipation exams. Carefully worded questions can help. Physical signs and symptoms include unexplained recurrent or stress fracture, dry hair, low body temperature, lanugo, and fatigue. Targeted lab tests to assess nutritional and hormonal status are essential in making a diagnosis that will steer treatment, as are optimal radiologic tests like dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for assessing bone density.
饮食失调、闭经和骨质疏松三联征影响着许多活跃的女性和女孩，尤其是那些从事强调外表或瘦身的运动项目的人。由于运动员的心理防御机制以及饮食失调所带来的污名，医生在评估患有应力性骨折或闭经的患者时，或在参与前检查期间，可能需要针对性地询问有关营养习惯的问题。措辞谨慎的问题会有所帮助。身体体征和症状包括不明原因的反复或应力性骨折、头发干燥、体温过低、胎毛和疲劳。进行有针对性的实验室检查以评估营养和激素状况对于做出指导治疗的诊断至关重要，评估骨密度的最佳放射学检查如双能X线吸收法也是如此。
