Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
J Neurochem. 2010 Apr;113(2):287-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06604.x. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects 1% of the world population. The disease usually manifests itself in early adulthood with hallucinations, delusions, cognitive and emotional disturbances and disorganized thought and behavior. Dopamine was the first neurotransmitter to be implicated in the disease, and though no longer the only suspect in schizophrenia pathophysiology, it obviously plays an important role. The basal ganglia are the site of most of the dopamine neurons in the brain and the target of anti-psychotic drugs. In this review, we will start with an overview of basal ganglia anatomy emphasizing dopamine circuitry. Then, we will review the major deficits in dopamine function in schizophrenia, emphasizing the role of excessive dopamine in the basal ganglia and the link to psychosis.
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，影响全球 1%的人口。这种疾病通常在成年早期表现出来，症状包括幻觉、妄想、认知和情感障碍以及思维和行为紊乱。多巴胺是第一个被认为与该疾病有关的神经递质，尽管它不再是精神分裂症病理生理学的唯一嫌疑人，但它显然起着重要作用。基底神经节是大脑中大多数多巴胺神经元的所在地，也是抗精神病药物的作用靶点。在这篇综述中，我们将首先概述基底神经节解剖结构，重点介绍多巴胺回路。然后，我们将回顾精神分裂症中多巴胺功能的主要缺陷，强调基底神经节中过多的多巴胺与精神病之间的联系。
