Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, LS2 9LN, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010 Nov;64(11):977-83. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.085977. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Standards for school meals were recently introduced in the UK; however, no such standards exist for packed lunches. This study measures the provision and consumption of a range of food types and nutrients in British children's packed lunches and compares the results with the prevailing school meal standards in England.
Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1294 children, age 8-9 years, attending 89 British primary schools. Eighty-seven primary schools declined to take part. The outcomes were the weight of food types and nutrients, provided and consumed in packed lunches and the proportion meeting the government food and nutrient school meal standards for England.
Fourteen out of 1294 (1.1%) of packed lunches met all the food-based standards for school meals in England. Eighty-five per cent of children were provided with a sandwich, 19% with vegetables, 54% with fruit, 17% with cheese, 44% with a milk-based dessert, 82% with restricted snacks (crisps or confectionery) and 61% with a sweetened drink. The nutrient standards most likely to be met were protein and vitamin C. The nutrient standards least likely to be met were non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and sodium. Girls were provided with, and consumed, more fruit, vegetables and milk-based desserts. Children at schools with lower percentage free school meals eligibility (% FSME) were provided with, and consumed, more vegetables.
Few packed lunches meet the school meal standards. Future research should address policy, interventions, and programmes to educate parents about the nutritional content of packed lunches.
英国最近出台了学校餐食标准，但对于课间餐并无此类标准。本研究旨在衡量英国儿童课间餐中各类食物和营养物的供应和消耗情况，并将结果与英国现行的学校餐标准进行比较。
从英国 89 所小学的 1294 名 8-9 岁儿童中收集了横断面调查数据。87 所小学拒绝参与。结果为课间餐中提供和消耗的食物类型和营养物的重量，以及符合英国政府学校餐食食物和营养标准的比例。
在 1294 份课间餐中，有 14 份（1.1%）符合英国所有学校餐的基于食物的标准。85%的儿童提供了三明治，19%提供了蔬菜，54%提供了水果，17%提供了奶酪，44%提供了以牛奶为基础的甜点，82%提供了限量零食（薯片或糖果），61%提供了含糖饮料。最有可能达到的营养标准是蛋白质和维生素 C。最不可能达到的营养标准是非乳源性可消化糖（NMES）和钠。女孩提供和消耗的水果、蔬菜和以牛奶为基础的甜点更多。在具有较低免费学校餐资格比例（% FSME）的学校中，提供和消耗的蔬菜更多。
很少有课间餐符合学校餐标准。未来的研究应该针对政策、干预措施和教育计划，教育家长关于课间餐的营养内容。
