Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Jun;14(3):167-77. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.006. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
There is mounting evidence that sleep is important for learning, memory and the underlying neural plasticity. This article aims to review published studies that evaluate the association between sleep, its distinct stages and memory systems in healthy children and adolescents. Furthermore it intends to suggest directions for future research. A computerised search of the literature for relevant articles published between 1966 and March 2008 was performed using the keywords "sleep", "memory", "learn", "child", "adolescents", "adolescence" and "teenager". Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Published studies focused on the impact of sleep on working memory and memory consolidation. In summary, most studies support the hypothesis that sleep facilitates working memory as well as memory consolidation in children and adolescents. There is evidence that performance in abstract and complex tasks involving higher brain functions declines more strongly after sleep deprivation than the performance in simple memory tasks. Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of a variety of variables potentially modulating the interplay between sleep and memory, such as developmental stage, socioeconomic burden, circadian factors, or the level of post-learning sensory and motor activity (interference). This line of research can provide valuable input relevant to teaching, learning and public health policy.
越来越多的证据表明，睡眠对于学习、记忆和潜在的神经可塑性很重要。本文旨在回顾评估健康儿童和青少年睡眠及其不同阶段与记忆系统之间关系的已发表研究，并为未来的研究提出建议。使用“睡眠”、“记忆”、“学习”、“儿童”、“青少年”、“青春期”和“青少年”等关键词，对 1966 年至 2008 年 3 月期间发表的相关文献进行了计算机检索。符合纳入标准的有 15 项研究。已发表的研究集中于睡眠对工作记忆和记忆巩固的影响。总之，大多数研究支持睡眠有助于儿童和青少年的工作记忆和记忆巩固的假说。有证据表明，在睡眠剥夺后，涉及大脑高级功能的抽象和复杂任务的表现比简单记忆任务的表现下降得更明显。需要进一步的研究来更好地理解各种潜在调节睡眠和记忆之间相互作用的变量（如发育阶段、社会经济负担、昼夜节律因素或学习后感觉和运动活动的水平（干扰））的影响。这项研究可以为教学、学习和公共卫生政策提供有价值的参考。
