Organismal, Integrative and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
J Biomed Inform. 2011 Jun;44(3):402-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.01.003. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
This paper discusses clinical diagnostic reasoning in terms of a pattern of If/then/Therefore reasoning driven by data gathering and the inference of abduction, as defined in the present paper, and the inferences of retroduction, deduction, and induction as defined by philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. The complex inferential reasoning driving clinical diagnosis often takes place subconsciously and so rapidly that its nature remains largely hidden from the diagnostician. Nevertheless, we propose that raising such reasoning to the conscious level reveals not its basic pattern and basic inferences, it also reveals where errors can and do occur and how such errors might be reduced or even eliminated.
本文讨论了临床诊断推理，其模式是基于数据收集和本文所定义的溯因推理的“如果/那么/因此”推理，以及哲学家查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士所定义的回溯推理、演绎推理和归纳推理。驱动临床诊断的复杂推理往往是在潜意识中进行的，而且速度非常快，以至于诊断师对其本质在很大程度上仍未察觉。尽管如此，我们还是认为，将这种推理提升到意识层面不仅可以揭示其基本模式和基本推理，还可以揭示出可能出现错误的地方，以及如何减少甚至消除这些错误。
