Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Nov;35(2):212-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
Cocaine addiction is a complex and multifaceted process encompassing a number of forms of behavioral plasticity. The process of acquiring and consuming drugs can be sufficiently risky and complicated that the casual drug user may choose not to act on every motivation to use drugs. The repetition of drug seeking and taking, however, often results in the gradual development of drug craving and compulsive drug seeking associated with addiction. Moreover, the complex sets of behaviors associated with drug addiction can become ingrained to such an extent that, when activated by drug-associated stimuli or exposure to the drug itself, the processes underlying drug seeking and taking are automatically engaged and very difficult to suppress. Here, we examine the hypothesis that aspects of cocaine seeking and taking become ingrained with repetition, thereby contributing to continued drug use despite a conscious desire to abstain. We also review emerging evidence indicating that neuronal circuits including the dorsolateral striatum play a particularly important role in the habitual aspects of drug seeking and taking.
可卡因成瘾是一个复杂且多方面的过程，包括多种形式的行为可塑性。获取和使用毒品的过程可能足够危险和复杂，以至于偶尔使用毒品的人可能不会对每一个使用毒品的动机都采取行动。然而，药物寻求和使用的重复通常会导致逐渐发展出与成瘾相关的药物渴望和强迫性药物寻求。此外，与药物成瘾相关的复杂行为集合可能会根深蒂固，以至于当药物相关的刺激或暴露于药物本身激活时，药物寻求和使用的潜在过程会自动参与，并且很难抑制。在这里，我们检验了这样一种假设，即可卡因寻求和使用的某些方面会随着重复而变得根深蒂固，从而导致尽管有意识地渴望戒除，但仍继续使用毒品。我们还回顾了一些新出现的证据，表明包括背外侧纹状体在内的神经元回路在药物寻求和使用的习惯性方面起着特别重要的作用。
