University College London, London, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Sep;35(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.006. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
Positive affect has been associated with favourable health outcomes, and it is likely that several biological processes mediate the effects of positive mood on physical health. There is converging evidence that positive affect activates the neuroendocrine, autonomic and immune systems in distinct and functionally meaningful ways. Cortisol, both total output and the awakening response, has consistently been shown to be lower among individuals with higher levels of positive affect. The beneficial effects of positive mood on cardiovascular function, including heart rate and blood pressure, and the immune system have also been described. The influence of positive affect on these psychobiological processes is independent of negative affect, suggesting that positive affect may have characteristic biological correlates. The duration and conceptualisation of positive affect may be important considerations in understanding how different biological systems are activated in association with positive affect. The association of positive affect and psychobiological processes has been established, and these biological correlates may be partly responsible for the protective effects of positive affect on health outcomes.
积极情绪与良好的健康结果有关，而且积极情绪对身体健康的影响可能涉及多种生物学过程。有越来越多的证据表明，积极情绪以独特且具有功能意义的方式激活了神经内分泌、自主和免疫系统。皮质醇（无论是总输出还是觉醒反应）在积极情绪水平较高的个体中始终显示出较低的水平。积极情绪对心血管功能（包括心率和血压）和免疫系统的有益影响也已被描述。积极情绪对这些心理生物学过程的影响不受消极情绪的影响，这表明积极情绪可能具有特征性的生物学相关性。积极情绪的持续时间和概念化可能是理解不同的生物系统如何与积极情绪相关联而被激活的重要考虑因素。积极情绪与心理生物学过程的关联已经建立，这些生物学相关性可能部分解释了积极情绪对健康结果的保护作用。
