Phayuhasena Suwannee, Colgan Donald J, Kuvangkadilok Chaliow, Pramual Pairot, Baimai Visut
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Genetica. 2010 Jun;138(6):633-48. doi: 10.1007/s10709-010-9437-0. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Simulium is a very speciose genus of the black fly family Simuliidae that includes many important pests of humans and animals. Cytotaxonomic and morphological studies have made substantial progress in Simulium systematics. 16S rRNA and ITS-1 DNA sequence studies have assisted this progress. Intensive multi-gene molecular systematic investigations will, however, be required for a comprehensive understanding of the genus' taxonomy and evolution. Our research was conducted to investigate the relationships of Thai Simulium at the subgeneric, species group and species levels. We also examined the possibility of using mitochondrial DNA sequences to facilitate Simulium species identification. Data were collected from three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA) and two segments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (the D1 to D2 and the D4 expansion regions). The subgenera Simulium and Gomphostilbia were monophyletic in most analyses. Nevermannia included Montisimulium but was otherwise monophyletic in multigene analyses. In most analyses, Simulium and Nevermannia were more closely related to each other than to Gomphostilbia which was usually basal. Species groups were generally monophyletic. Within Gomphostilbia, however, the batoense species group was always paraphyletic to the other two species groups found in Thailand. Three species groups in Simulium were not monophyletic. The tendency to gill filament number reduction for some species groups in the subgenus Simulium was associated with a derived position in multigene analyses. Most species were monophyletic with two exceptions that probably represent species complexes and will present difficulties for rapid mitochondrial DNA identification.
蚋属是蚋科中一个种类非常繁多的属，其中包括许多对人类和动物极为重要的害虫。细胞分类学和形态学研究在蚋属系统学方面已取得了重大进展。16S rRNA和ITS-1 DNA序列研究推动了这一进展。然而，要全面了解该属的分类学和进化，还需要进行深入的多基因分子系统研究。我们开展此项研究是为了探究泰国蚋属在亚属、物种组和物种水平上的关系。我们还研究了利用线粒体DNA序列来辅助蚋属物种鉴定的可能性。数据采集自三个线粒体基因（COI、ND4和16S rRNA）以及核28S核糖体RNA的两个片段（D1至D2和D4扩展区）。在大多数分析中，蚋亚属和绳蚋亚属是单系的。新蚋亚属包含山蚋属，但在多基因分析中除此之外是单系的。在大多数分析中，蚋亚属和新蚋亚属彼此之间的亲缘关系比与通常处于基部的绳蚋亚属更为密切。物种组一般是单系的。然而，在绳蚋亚属中，巴托蚋物种组相对于在泰国发现的其他两个物种组总是并系的。蚋亚属中的三个物种组不是单系的。蚋亚属中某些物种组鳃丝数量减少的趋势与多基因分析中的衍生位置相关。大多数物种是单系的，但有两个例外，这两个例外可能代表物种复合体，会给基于线粒体DNA的快速鉴定带来困难。
