Dragoş Dorin, Tănăsescu Maria Daniela
Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest, 1st Internal Medicine Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania.
J Med Life. 2009 Oct-Dec;2(4):343-9.
In an evolutionary model, health and disease are regarded as successful and respectively failed adaptation to the demands of the environment. The social factors are critical for a successful adaptation, while emotions are means of both signaling the organism's state and of adapting the physiological responses to environmental challenges. Hence the importance of a biopsychosocial model of health and disease. Psychoemotional distress generates and/or amplifies somatic symptoms. Somatization may be viewed as an altered cognitive process, inclining the individual to an augmented perception of bodily sensations and to an increased degree of complexity in reporting negative experiences (hence the greater cognitive effort allocated thereto). Somatosensory amplification and alexithymia are key elements in this process. The brain's right hemisphere is more involved in the generation of emotionally conditioned somatization symptoms. Somatic symptoms have various psychological and social functions and are strongly influenced by the particular belief system of the individual. Inappropriately perceiving the environment as an aggressor and excessively responding to it (by activating the cytokine system in correlation with the arousal of the psychic, nervous, and endocrine systems) may be a key element in the altered cognition conducive to ill health.
在一个进化模型中，健康和疾病分别被视为对环境需求的成功适应和失败适应。社会因素对于成功适应至关重要，而情感既是表明机体状态的方式，也是使生理反应适应环境挑战的手段。因此，生物心理社会健康与疾病模型具有重要意义。心理情绪困扰会产生和/或加剧躯体症状。躯体化可被视为一种改变了的认知过程，使个体更倾向于增强对身体感觉的感知，并在报告负面经历时增加复杂程度（因此为此分配了更多认知努力）。体感放大和述情障碍是这一过程的关键要素。大脑右半球在情绪条件性躯体化症状的产生中发挥着更大作用。躯体症状具有多种心理和社会功能，并受到个体特定信念系统的强烈影响。将环境不恰当地视为攻击者并过度做出反应（通过与心理、神经和内分泌系统的唤醒相关联激活细胞因子系统）可能是导致健康不佳的认知改变的关键因素。
