Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jul;34(8):1178-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
We conducted a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature examining cognition in old and young adults and quantified these findings in a series of meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimation technique. In 80 independent samples, we assessed significant convergent and divergent patterns of brain activity across all studies; where task performance was equated or different between age groups; and in four specific cognitive domains (perception, memory encoding, memory retrieval and executive function). Age differences across studies predominantly involved regions within the 'task-positive network' of the brain, a set of interconnected regions engaged during a variety of externally driven cognitive tasks. Old adults engaged prefrontal regions more than young adults. When performance was equivalent, old adults engaged left prefrontal cortex; poorly performing old adults engaged right prefrontal cortex. Young adults engaged occipital regions more than old adults, particularly when performance was unequal and during perceptual tasks. No age-related differences were found in the parietal lobes. We discuss the reliable differences in brain activation with regards to current theories of neurocognitive aging.
我们对神经影像学文献进行了系统回顾，以考察老年人和年轻人的认知能力，并使用激活似然估计技术对这些发现进行了一系列元分析。在 80 个独立样本中，我们评估了所有研究中大脑活动的显著趋同和发散模式；在这些研究中，年龄组之间的任务表现是等同的还是不同的；以及在四个特定的认知领域（感知、记忆编码、记忆检索和执行功能）。研究中的年龄差异主要涉及大脑“任务正网络”内的区域，这是一组在各种外部驱动认知任务中参与的相互连接的区域。老年人比年轻人更多地参与前额叶区域。当表现相同时，老年人会更多地参与左前额叶皮层；表现不佳的老年人会更多地参与右前额叶皮层。年轻人比老年人更多地参与枕叶区域，尤其是在表现不一致和进行感知任务时。在顶叶区域没有发现与年龄相关的差异。我们讨论了大脑激活方面的可靠差异，这些差异与神经认知老化的当前理论有关。
