Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Nov;35(2):285-302. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.011. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Conditioned drug craving and withdrawal elicited by cues paired with drug use or acute withdrawal are among the many factors contributing to compulsive drug taking. Understanding how to stop these cues from having these effects is a major goal of addiction research. Extinction is a form of learning in which associations between cues and the events they predict are weakened by exposure to the cues in the absence of those events. Evidence from animal models suggests that conditioned responses to drug cues can be extinguished, although the degree to which this occurs in humans is controversial. Investigations into the neurobiological substrates of extinction of conditioned drug craving and withdrawal may facilitate the successful use of drug cue extinction within clinical contexts. While this work is still in the early stages, there are indications that extinction of drug- and withdrawal-paired cues shares neural mechanisms with extinction of conditioned fear. Using the fear extinction literature as a template, it is possible to organize the observations on drug cue extinction into a cohesive framework.
条件性药物渴求与戒断反应，由与药物使用或急性戒断相关的线索所引发，是导致强迫性药物使用的众多因素之一。了解如何阻止这些线索产生这些影响，是成瘾研究的主要目标。消退是一种学习形式，其中线索与它们所预测的事件之间的关联通过在没有这些事件的情况下暴露于线索而减弱。来自动物模型的证据表明，对药物线索的条件反应可以被消除，尽管这种情况在人类中发生的程度存在争议。对消退条件性药物渴求与戒断的神经生物学基础的研究，可能有助于在临床环境中成功使用药物线索消退。虽然这项工作仍处于早期阶段，但有迹象表明，与药物和戒断相关的线索的消退与条件性恐惧的消退共享神经机制。以恐惧消退文献为模板，可以将关于药物线索消退的观察结果组织成一个有凝聚力的框架。
