CIISA/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jul 29;144(1-2):127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.042. Epub 2010 Jan 11.
Although dog-to-dog bite wounds are frequent, few studies correlate bacterial involvement to clinical aspects. This work aimed at relating clinical evolution and bacteriological data, with the evolution time (ET), i.e., the period of time elapsed from aggression until presentation. A total of 228 wounds from 83 cases of bitten dogs was evaluated; 48 of the wounds were sampled for bacteriology. Dogs with clinically infected wounds (N=29) were subjected to antimicrobial therapy and local disinfection. Dogs without clinical signs of infection were either subjected to the same treatment (N=43) or only subjected to daily wound saline irrigation (N=11), to evaluate the need for antimicrobial prophylaxis. The majority of wounds were laceration and puncture wounds with dermis penetration (41.2% and 23.2%, respectively). Only 17% of the wounds were clinically infected. The mean ET was 39h 30m and prolonged ET was significantly correlated to infection. None of the wounds from animals not given antibiotics became infected. Bacteriology was positive in 95.8% of the wounds sampled (N=46). A total of 125 isolates was obtained, mostly aerobes. Clinical infection was associated with the presence of strict anaerobes. Excluding antibiotics that should be preserved for life-threatening cases, the higher rates of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility were observed for sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (94.4%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (91.9%). This study identified the time lag from aggression to presentation as a risk factor for infection development. Further studies are required to evaluate the actual requirement for antimicrobial therapy when only dermis is affected in dog-to-dog bite wounds.
尽管狗与狗之间的咬伤很常见，但很少有研究将细菌感染与临床方面相关联。本研究旨在将临床演变和细菌学数据与演变时间（ET）相关联，即从攻击到就诊的时间间隔。评估了 83 例被咬伤犬的 228 个伤口；其中 48 个伤口进行了细菌学采样。对有临床感染性伤口（N=29）的犬进行了抗菌治疗和局部消毒。无感染临床症状的犬分为两组：一组接受相同的治疗（N=43），另一组仅接受每日伤口盐水冲洗（N=11），以评估是否需要预防性使用抗生素。大多数伤口为裂伤和穿透真皮的刺伤，分别占 41.2%和 23.2%。只有 17%的伤口有临床感染。平均 ET 为 39 小时 30 分，较长的 ET 与感染显著相关。未使用抗生素的动物的伤口均未感染。对采样的 46 个伤口中的 95.8%进行了细菌学检查，结果为阳性。共获得 125 株分离菌，主要为需氧菌。临床感染与严格厌氧菌的存在相关。排除应保留用于危及生命病例的抗生素，体外药敏试验显示磺胺甲噁唑-甲氧苄啶（94.4%）和阿莫西林-克拉维酸（91.9%）的抗生素耐药率较高。本研究确定了从攻击到就诊的时间间隔是感染发展的一个危险因素。需要进一步研究，以评估当仅真皮层受到狗与狗咬伤时，实际是否需要进行抗生素治疗。
