Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Department for Environmental Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Toxicol Lett. 2010 Jan 15;192(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.023. Epub 2009 Jan 28.
Different aspects of the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of children in Germany have been investigated in the German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV). The field work of GerES IV was conducted from 2003 to 2006 using questionnaires, indoor air monitoring and human biomonitoring. About half of Germany's 3- to 14-year-old children lived in households with at least one smoker. The number of smokers in the household had a significant influence on the concentrations of several indoor air contaminants (VOC and aldehydes). Human biomonitoring data on cotinine were used to identify the levels of exposure to ETS. Urinary cotinine is correlated with several predictors of ETS and is also associated with other toxicants in non-smoking children, e.g. cadmium. Temporal comparison indicated that in the last 15 years no decrease of children's ETS exposure has been achieved in Germany.
德国环境与儿童研究（GerES IV）调查了儿童接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的不同方面。GerES IV 的现场工作于 2003 年至 2006 年期间使用问卷、室内空气监测和人体生物监测进行。大约一半的 3 至 14 岁德国儿童生活在至少有一名吸烟者的家庭中。家庭中吸烟者的数量对几种室内空气污染物（挥发性有机化合物和醛）的浓度有显著影响。关于可替宁的人体生物监测数据用于确定 ETS 的暴露水平。尿可替宁与 ETS 的几个预测因子相关，并且与非吸烟儿童中的其他有毒物质（如镉）也有关联。时间比较表明，在过去的 15 年中，德国儿童 ETS 的暴露水平并未降低。
