33 Kirkland Street, William James Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Dev Sci. 2010 Jan 1;13(1):37-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00859.x.
This study explored the criteria that children and adults use when evaluating the niceness of a character who is distributing resources. Four- and five-year-olds played the 'Giving Game', in which two puppets with different amounts of chips each gave some portion of these chips to the children. Adults played an analogous task that mimicked the situations presented to children in the Giving Game. For all groups of participants, we manipulated the absolute amount and proportion of chips given away. We found that children and adults used different cues to establish which puppet was nicer: 4-year-olds focused exclusively on absolute amount, 5-year-olds showed some sensitivity to proportion, and adults focused exclusively on proportion. These results are discussed in light of their implications for equity theory and for theories of the development of social evaluation.
本研究探讨了儿童和成人在评价分配资源的角色的友善程度时所使用的标准。四岁和五岁的儿童玩“给予游戏”，其中两个木偶分别有不同数量的筹码，他们将部分筹码分给孩子。成年人玩了一个类似的任务，模拟了给予游戏中呈现给孩子的情境。对于所有参与者群体，我们操纵了给予的筹码的绝对数量和比例。我们发现，儿童和成人使用不同的线索来确定哪个木偶更友善：四岁儿童只关注绝对数量，五岁儿童对比例有一定的敏感性，而成人只关注比例。这些结果根据它们对公平理论和社会评价发展理论的影响进行了讨论。
