Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Sep;46(5):1380-4. doi: 10.1037/a0019818.
In 3 experiments, the authors examined whether a single act of testimony can inform children's subsequent information seeking. In Experiment 1, participants saw one informant give a correct and another informant give an incorrect answer to a question, assessed who was right (wrong), and decided to whom to address a 2nd question. Adults and 7-year-olds but not 4-year-olds selected the previously correct informant. In Experiment 2, after assessing which informant was (not) very good at answering, even 4-year-olds selected the previously correct informant. In Experiment 3, in the absence of external demands to evaluate the informants, 7-year-olds and adults still selected the previously correct informant. Thus, a single encounter is sufficient for 7-year-olds and adults to engage in selective information seeking and trait labels enable 4-year-olds to do so too.
在三个实验中，作者考察了单次证言是否能告知儿童随后的信息寻求。在实验 1 中，参与者看到一个信息提供者给出正确答案，而另一个信息提供者给出错误答案，评估谁是对的（错的），并决定向谁提出第二个问题。成年人和 7 岁儿童但不是 4 岁儿童选择了之前正确的信息提供者。在实验 2 中，在评估了哪个信息提供者（不）擅长回答问题之后，即使是 4 岁儿童也选择了之前正确的信息提供者。在实验 3 中，在没有外部要求评估信息提供者的情况下，7 岁儿童和成年人仍然选择了之前正确的信息提供者。因此，单次接触足以使 7 岁儿童和成年人进行有选择性的信息寻求，并且特征标签使 4 岁儿童也能够这样做。
