Meristo Marek, Surian Luca
Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (Trento), Italy.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e110553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110553. eCollection 2014.
Three experiments provide evidence of an incipient sense of fairness in preverbal infants. Ten-month-old infants were shown cartoon videos with two agents, the 'donors', who distributed resources to two identical recipients. One donor always distributed the goods equally, while the other performed unequal distributions by giving everything to one recipient. In the test phase, a third agent hit or took resources away from either the fair or the unfair donor. We found that infants looked longer when the antisocial actions were directed towards the unfair rather than the fair donor. These findings support the view that infants are able to evaluate agents based on their distributive actions and suggest that the foundations of human socio-moral competence are acquired independently of parental feedback and linguistic experience.
三项实验为尚不能言语的婴儿中初步的公平感提供了证据。研究人员向10个月大的婴儿展示了带有两个“捐赠者”角色的卡通视频，这两个“捐赠者”会向两个相同的接受者分配资源。其中一个捐赠者总是平均分配物品，而另一个则将所有东西都给一个接受者，进行不平等分配。在测试阶段，第三个角色会对公平或不公平的捐赠者进行击打或抢走其资源的行为。我们发现，当反社会行为针对不公平而非公平的捐赠者时，婴儿注视的时间更长。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即婴儿能够根据其分配行为来评估角色，这表明人类社会道德能力的基础是独立于父母反馈和语言经验而获得的。
