Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 256 Gray's Inn Rd, WC1X 8LD, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jan;137(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.01.024.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the psychosocial impact of hypodontia (multiple dental agenesis) in children and the influence of factors such as severity of hypodontia, number of retained deciduous teeth, age, and sex. The implications of hypodontia for affected patients have been poorly investigated; this, in part, relates to the lack of appropriate measurements to assess the impact of oral conditions on quality of life, particularly among children and adolescents.
A total of 123 children (49.6% boys, 50.4% girls; mean age, 13.6 years; SD, 1.6 years) were recruited on the basis of predetermined inclusion criteria to either a hypodontia group or a routine orthodontic group of similar treatment need (index of orthodontic treatment need, dental health component 4 or 5) but without hypodontia. Each patient completed the child perceptions questionnaire and 2 visual analog scales to determine the global effects of hypodontia on esthetics and function.
The mean number of missing teeth in the hypodontia group was 4.52 (SD, 3.33). There were no statistically significant differences in child perceptions questionnaire scores (overall or at domain level) or visual analog scores between the hypodontia and the routine orthodontic groups (P >0.05). Univariable linear regression analyses provided some evidence that difficulty with chewing was associated with the severity of hypodontia (P = 0.030).
In this sample, hypodontia did not appear to affect the psychosocial status of patients any more than other features of a malocclusion measured with the index of orthodontic treatment need, dental health component 4 or 5. Patients with hypodontia did, however, have more difficulty in chewing when the deciduous teeth associated with the missing permanent teeth had been exfoliated. This highlights the possible importance of retaining deciduous teeth in patients with severe hypodontia.
本横断面研究旨在确定多颗牙齿缺失（先天性缺牙）对儿童的心理社会影响，以及缺牙严重程度、滞留乳牙数量、年龄和性别等因素的影响。先天性缺牙对受影响患者的影响尚未得到充分研究；部分原因是缺乏适当的测量方法来评估口腔状况对生活质量的影响，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。
根据预先确定的纳入标准，共有 123 名儿童（49.6%为男孩，50.4%为女孩；平均年龄为 13.6 岁，标准差为 1.6 岁）被招募到缺牙组或具有相似治疗需求的常规正畸组（正畸治疗需要指数，牙健康成分 4 或 5），但没有缺牙。每位患者均完成儿童感知问卷和 2 个视觉模拟评分，以确定缺牙对美观和功能的整体影响。
缺牙组平均缺失牙齿数为 4.52 颗（标准差为 3.33 颗）。缺牙组和常规正畸组的儿童感知问卷评分（整体或领域水平）或视觉模拟评分均无统计学差异（P >0.05）。单变量线性回归分析提供了一些证据，表明咀嚼困难与缺牙严重程度相关（P = 0.030）。
在本样本中，缺牙似乎不会比正畸治疗需要指数、牙健康成分 4 或 5 测量的其他错牙合特征更影响患者的社会心理状态。然而，当与缺失恒牙相关的乳牙脱落时，缺牙患者在咀嚼方面确实存在更多困难。这凸显了在严重缺牙患者中保留乳牙的重要性。
