Progress and applications of mouse models for human lung cancer.

The continued progress of modelling lung cancer in mice has led not only to new means of understanding the molecular pathways governing human lung cancer, but it has also created a vast reservoir of alternative tools to test treatments against this malignancy. More sophisticated somatic mouse models for nonsmall cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma have been generated that closely mimic human lung cancer. These models enable us to identify the cells of origin and the role of stem cells in the maintenance of the various types of lung cancer. Moreover, results of lung cancer intervention studies are now starting to reveal the full potential of these somatic mouse models as powerful pre-clinical models.