Center for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2009;58 Suppl 2:S119-S140. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.931918.
The gold standard material in bypass surgery of blood vessels remains the patient's own artery or vein. However, this material may be unavailable, or may suffer vein graft disease. Currently available vascular prostheses, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), perform well as large-caliber replacements, but their long-term patency is discouraging in small-caliber applications (<6 mm), such as in coronary, crural or microvessel surgery. This failure is mainly a result of an unfavorable healing process with surface thrombogenicity, due to lack of endothelial cells and anastomotic intimal hyperplasia caused by hemodynamic disturbances. An ideal small-diameter vascular graft has become a major focus of research. Novel biomaterials have been manufactured, and tissue-biomaterial interactions have been optimized. Tissue engineering technology has proven that the concept of partially or totally living blood vessels is feasible. The purpose of this review is to outline the vascular graft materials that are currently being implanted, taking into account cell-biomaterial physiology, tissue engineering approaches and the collective achievements of the authors.
血管旁路移植术的金标准材料仍然是患者自身的动脉或静脉。然而，这种材料可能不可用，或者可能患有静脉移植物病。目前可用的血管假体，即聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET，Dacron）和膨化聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE），在大口径替代物方面表现良好，但在小口径应用（<6mm），如冠状动脉、小腿或微血管手术中，其长期通畅率令人沮丧。这种失败主要是由于缺乏内皮细胞和吻合内膜增生引起的血流动力学紊乱导致的表面血栓形成性，导致愈合过程不利。理想的小直径血管移植物已成为研究的主要焦点。已经制造了新型生物材料，并优化了组织-生物材料相互作用。组织工程技术已经证明了部分或完全有生命的血管的概念是可行的。本文综述了目前正在植入的血管移植物材料，考虑了细胞-生物材料生理学、组织工程方法和作者的集体成就。
