Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2010 Apr 30;176(2-3):166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.006. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
There is considerable evidence of circadian rhythm abnormalities in mood disorders. Morningness-eveningness, the degree to which people prefer organizing their activity and sleep patterns toward the morning or evening, is related to circadian phase and is associated with mood, with relatively greater psychological distress among evening types. Given that circadian rhythms may also relate to the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and positive affect (PA), but not to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) or negative affect (NA), it was hypothesized that individual differences in BAS sensitivity and levels of PA, but not BIS and NA, would explain the association between morningness-eveningness and depression in a sample of 208 individuals with a range of depressive symptomatology. As predicted, increasing eveningness was associated with greater depression, lower BAS, and lower PA, but not directly associated with NA. Path analyses supported a model wherein morningness-eveningness is associated with depression via multi-step indirect paths including BAS-Reward Responsiveness, PA, and NA. A path between BIS and depression was distinct from the one involving morningness-eveningness. A variety of alternative path models all provided a weaker fit to the data. Thus, results were consistent with the BAS and PA mediating the effects of morningness-eveningness on depression.
有相当多的证据表明，情绪障碍存在昼夜节律异常。晨型-晚型，即人们更喜欢将活动和睡眠模式安排在早上或晚上的程度，与昼夜节律相位有关，并与情绪有关，与晚型相比，晚型的心理困扰相对较大。鉴于昼夜节律可能与行为激活系统（BAS）和积极情绪（PA）有关，但与行为抑制系统（BIS）或消极情绪（NA）无关，因此假设个体在 BAS 敏感性和 PA 水平上的差异，但不是 BIS 和 NA，可以解释 208 名具有不同抑郁症状的个体中晨型-晚型与抑郁之间的关联。正如预测的那样，越来越多的晚型与更大的抑郁、更低的 BAS 和更低的 PA 有关，但与 NA 没有直接关系。路径分析支持了这样一种模式，即晨型-晚型通过包括 BAS-奖励反应性、PA 和 NA 在内的多步间接途径与抑郁相关。BIS 与抑郁之间的路径与涉及晨型-晚型的路径不同。各种替代路径模型都对数据的拟合程度较差。因此，结果与 BAS 和 PA 介导晨型-晚型对抑郁的影响一致。
