Omanic Ajnija, Dodig-Karaman Zana, Serdarevic Mevlida, Kabiljo Mario
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of social medicine and history of medicine, Cekalusa 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH).
Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2008;6(1):41-54.
Jews first came to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 16th century after having been exiled from Spain. They were successful in several trades in their new surroundings. Many Jewish families gave more than one doctor or pharmacist. Dr Goldberger and his son Dr Aleksandar Goldberger were skilled surgeons; Dr Isak Samokovlija's daughter Rikica was a paediatrician and a university professor; Dr Sigmund Kaunitz and his sons Oskar and Pavle, conducted the autopsy on the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the imperial throne, and his wife Sophie. Jews have traditionally regarded health culture as an important issue; their religion includes medical and other precepts for healthy living, from personal and household hygiene to ritual ablutions and bathing. They were the first to make medicinal preparations and to sell them in their shops, known as attar shops. The Museum of Sarajevo now treasures the inventory of one such centuries-old attar shop, belonging to the Papo family. Thanks to their medical skills, Jews even treated the Pashas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dr Nisim zak treated Sijavos Pasha, and Dr Isak Salom was Omer Pasha Latas's physician. Bosnia and Herzegovina owes a lot to the knowledge and dedication of health-care workers of the Jewish origin. Sarajevo, Mostar, Zenica, Foca, and Trebinje have named streets after these humanists, who founded many institutions, and started new disciplines to address the burning health issues in B&H, and a number of whom laid down their lives to defend B&H.
犹太人在16世纪被西班牙流放后首次来到波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那。他们在新环境中的多种行业取得了成功。许多犹太家庭出了不止一名医生或药剂师。戈德伯格医生和他的儿子亚历山大·戈德伯格医生是技艺娴熟的外科医生；伊萨克·萨莫科夫利亚医生的女儿里基察是一名儿科医生兼大学教授；西格蒙德·考尼茨医生和他的儿子奥斯卡及帕夫莱，为奥匈帝国皇位继承人弗朗茨·斐迪南大公及其妻子索菲进行了尸检。犹太人传统上就将健康文化视为一个重要问题；他们的宗教包含了从个人和家庭卫生到仪式沐浴等健康生活的医学及其他戒律。他们是最早制作药物制剂并在他们名为“阿塔尔商店”的店铺里出售的人。萨拉热窝博物馆如今珍藏着一家属于帕波家族的有着数百年历史的此类阿塔尔商店的存货清单。由于他们的医术，犹太人甚至为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的帕夏们治病。尼西姆·扎克医生治疗了西贾沃斯帕夏，伊萨克·萨洛姆医生是奥马尔·帕夏·拉塔斯的医生。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那在很大程度上要归功于犹太裔医护人员的知识和奉献。萨拉热窝、莫斯塔尔、泽尼察、福查和特雷比涅都以这些人文主义者的名字命名了街道，他们创办了许多机构，开创了新学科来解决波黑紧迫的健康问题，其中一些人还为保卫波黑献出了生命。
