Family Medicine/Community Medicine, Dept of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, UMAS, CRC, ing. 72, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Apr;70(8):1237-45. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.029. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
Exhaustion is consistently found to be more prevalent in women than in men. Women suffer from job strain more often, which may constitute a partial explanation for this phenomenon, but experienced shortcomings in combining work and family demands may also contribute to ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate, and analyse by gender, how work-related and family-related factors, as well as the interface between them, i.e. work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), are related to exhaustion. The study was cross-sectional with self-administered questionnaires assessing exposures and outcome with previously well-validated instruments. The participants were 2726 men and 2735 women, aged 45-64, vocationally active, and residing in Malmö, Sweden. Sixteen percent of the women and 8% of the men considered themselves exhausted. WFC, FWC, job strain, and low job support were all strongly correlated to exhaustion in both genders. In the multivariate analyses, adjusting for other work and family risk factors, WFC and FWC remained statistically significant risk factors for exhaustion in both men and women. Job strain, low job support, and having a somatic disorder were also independently associated with exhaustion. While WFC was more prevalent among men, it was more strongly associated with exhaustion in women than in men. In women, WFC and FWC contributed to a larger part of the explanatory power of the model, which amounted to 22% of the variance in women and 14% in men. The results imply that the concept of 'work stress' should be regarded in a wider context in order to understand gender related issues of exhaustion among vocationally active individuals.
精疲力竭在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。女性经常遭受工作压力，这可能部分解释了这一现象，但在工作和家庭需求之间的平衡方面的经验不足也可能导致健康状况不佳。本研究的目的是调查并按性别分析工作相关和家庭相关因素以及它们之间的界面（即工作-家庭冲突 (WFC) 和家庭-工作冲突 (FWC)）如何与精疲力竭相关。该研究是横断面的，使用自我管理问卷评估暴露情况和使用先前经过良好验证的工具评估结果。参与者为 2726 名男性和 2735 名 45-64 岁、在职且居住在瑞典马尔默的职业活跃人群。16%的女性和 8%的男性认为自己精疲力竭。在两性中，WFC、FWC、工作压力和低工作支持均与精疲力竭高度相关。在多变量分析中，调整其他工作和家庭危险因素后，WFC 和 FWC 在男性和女性中仍然是精疲力竭的统计学显著危险因素。工作压力、低工作支持和患有躯体疾病也与精疲力竭独立相关。虽然 WFC 在男性中更为普遍，但它与女性的精疲力竭的相关性强于男性。在女性中，WFC 和 FWC 对模型的解释力贡献更大，在女性中占模型总方差的 22%，在男性中占 14%。研究结果表明，为了理解职业活跃人群中与性别相关的精疲力竭问题，应在更广泛的背景下看待“工作压力”的概念。
