Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Mar 30;184(3):484-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.043. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Lead (Pb) is a known neurotoxicant in humans and experimental animals. Numerous studies have provided evidence that humans, especially young children, and animals chronically intoxicated with low levels of Pb show learning and memory impairments. Unfortunately, Pb-poisoning cases continue to occur in many countries. Because the current treatment options are very limited, there is a need for alternative methods to attenuate Pb toxicity. In this study, the weaning (postnatal day 21, PND21) rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (AIN-93G diet, de-ionized water), the lead acetate (PbAC) group (AIN-93G diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water), the lead acetate+WR group (white rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+WR), the lead acetate+BR group (brown rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+BR) and the lead acetate+PR group (pre-germinated brown rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+PR). The animals received the different diets until PND60, and then the experiments were terminated. The protective effects of pre-germinated brown rice (PR) on Pb-induced learning and memory impairment in weaning rats were assessed by the Morris water maze and one-trial-learning passive avoidance test. The anti-oxidative effects of feeding a PR diet to Pb-exposed rats were evaluated. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were determined by HPLC. Our data showed that feeding a PR diet decreased the accumulation of lead and decreased Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in developing rats. The mechanisms might be related to the anti-oxidative effects and large amount of GABA in PR. Our study provides a regimen to reduce Pb-induced toxicity, especially future learning and memory deficits in the developing brain.
铅（Pb）是人类和实验动物的已知神经毒物。大量研究提供了证据，表明人类，特别是幼儿和慢性低水平铅中毒的动物，表现出学习和记忆障碍。不幸的是，许多国家仍继续发生铅中毒病例。由于目前的治疗选择非常有限，因此需要替代方法来减轻铅毒性。在这项研究中，断奶（出生后第 21 天，PND21）大鼠被随机分为五组：对照组（AIN-93G 饮食，去离子水）、醋酸铅（PbAC）组（AIN-93G 饮食，去离子水中 2g/L PbAC）、醋酸铅+WR 组（白米饭饮食，去离子水中 2g/L PbAC；PbAC+WR）、醋酸铅+BR 组（糙米饮食，去离子水中 2g/L PbAC；PbAC+BR）和醋酸铅+PR 组（发芽糙米饮食，去离子水中 2g/L PbAC；PbAC+PR）。动物接受不同的饮食，直到 PND60，然后实验结束。通过 Morris 水迷宫和单次学习被动回避试验评估发芽糙米（PR）对断奶大鼠铅诱导学习和记忆障碍的保护作用。通过流式细胞术评估喂食 PR 饮食对铅暴露大鼠的抗氧化作用。通过 HPLC 测定活性氧（ROS）水平、8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和谷氨酸的水平。我们的数据表明，喂食 PR 饮食可减少铅的积累并降低发育中大鼠的铅诱导学习和记忆缺陷。这些机制可能与 PR 的抗氧化作用和大量 GABA 有关。我们的研究提供了一种方案，可以减轻铅诱导的毒性，特别是在发育中的大脑中未来的学习和记忆缺陷。
