Stahnisch Frank W
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of History, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2024 Aug 22;15:1356824. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356824. eCollection 2024.
In the history of the neurological relationship between human behavior and brain function in Europe and North America, various perspectives on brain localization and holistic functioning have been addressed. One of the founding figures of modern neuropsychology, Professor Hans-Lukas Teuber (1916-1977) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, reminded the scholarly community of its negligence of preceding traditions in day-to-day research endeavors. Teuber particularly emphasized that during the development of the aphasiology field (1950s-1960s) even major figures, such as the German-American neurologist Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965), had been neglected in the scientific community's collective memory. This happened despite Goldstein's contributions to cortical blindness, vicarious brain functioning, and neurorehabilitation. The outcome of the debates regarding the neurology of language had to be incompletely relearned in later decades. Neuropsychological concerns regarding the relationship between cortical localizationism and functional holism have made recourse to Goldstein's work necessary for reviving historical answers for current conundrums. It is therefore opportune to review Goldstein's work in the light of the history of aphasiology. Contemporary scholarship has once more drawn research attention to the works of Goldstein along with Norman Geschwind (1926-1984) and his pupils. It has also resurrected the underlying research of Carl Wernicke (1848-1905). This review article explores deep and lasting questions regarding the positioning of Goldstein's holism among the contemporary holistic perspectives. It does so by firstly discussing Wernicke's traditional model of distributed localizationism. Secondly, it describes Goldstein's previous work in the German brain sciences. Thirdly, it examines his aphasiological contributions on both sides of the Atlantic. Fourthly, it addresses the advancement of a dynamic localizational perspective by Geschwind and his pupils. This article intends to render a historical analysis fruitful for those exploring modern-day problems in the neurology of aphasia and clinical speech neuropsychology.
在欧美关于人类行为与脑功能的神经学关系的历史中，人们探讨了关于脑定位和整体功能的各种观点。现代神经心理学的奠基人之一、麻省理工学院的汉斯 - 卢卡斯·托伊伯教授（1916 - 1977）提醒学术界，在日常研究工作中忽视了先前的传统。托伊伯特别强调，在失语症学领域发展期间（20世纪50年代至60年代），即使是像德裔美国神经学家库尔特·戈尔茨坦（1878 - 1965）这样的重要人物，在科学界的集体记忆中也被忽视了。尽管戈尔茨坦在皮质盲、替代性脑功能和神经康复方面做出了贡献，但情况依然如此。关于语言神经学的辩论结果在随后几十年中不得不重新不完全学习。神经心理学对皮质定位主义和功能整体主义之间关系的关注使得参考戈尔茨坦的著作对于为当前难题找到历史答案变得必要。因此，根据失语症学的历史来回顾戈尔茨坦的著作是适时的。当代学术研究再次将研究注意力吸引到了戈尔茨坦以及诺曼· Geschwind（1926 - 1984）和他的学生的著作上。它还复兴了卡尔·韦尼克（1848 - 1905）的基础研究。这篇综述文章探讨了关于戈尔茨坦的整体主义在当代整体观点中的定位的深刻而持久的问题。文章首先讨论韦尼克的分布式定位主义传统模型。其次，描述戈尔茨坦在德国脑科学领域先前的工作。第三，考察他在大西洋两岸对失语症学的贡献。第四，探讨Geschwind和他的学生提出的动态定位观点的进展。本文旨在使历史分析对于那些探索失语症神经学和临床言语神经心理学中的现代问题的人富有成效。
