Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Aug;42(8):1599-608. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d1b059.
No literature exists to document skill-related differences in shotgun shooting and whether these may be a function of eye movements and control of gun motion. We therefore conducted an exploratory investigation of the visual search behaviors and gun barrel kinematics used by elite and subelite shooters across the three shotgun shooting subdisciplines.
Point of gaze and gun barrel kinematics were recorded in groups of elite (n = 24) and subelite (n = 24) shooters participating in skeet, trap, and double trap events. Point of gaze was calculated in relation to the scene, while motion of the gun was captured by two stationary external cameras. Quiet eye (final fixation or tracking gaze that is located on a specific location/object in the visual display for a minimum of 100 ms) duration and onset were analyzed as well as gun motion profiles in the horizontal and vertical planes.
In skeet, trap, and double trap disciplines, elite shooters demonstrated both an earlier onset and a longer relative duration of quiet eye than their subelite counterparts did. Also, in all three disciplines, quiet eye duration was longer and onset earlier during successful compared with unsuccessful trials for elite and subelite shooters. Kinematic analyses indicated that a slower movement of the gun barrel was used by elite compared with subelite shooters.
Overall, stable gun motion and a longer quiet eye duration seem critical to a successful performance in all three shotgun disciplines.
目前尚无文献记录射击运动中与技能相关的差异，以及这些差异是否与眼球运动和枪支运动控制有关。因此，我们对精英和次精英射手在三种子弹射击项目中使用的视觉搜索行为和枪管运动学进行了探索性研究。
在进行双向飞碟、多向飞碟和双多向飞碟比赛时，记录了一组精英射手（n = 24）和次精英射手（n = 24）的注视点和枪管运动学。注视点是相对于场景计算的，而枪支运动是由两个固定的外部摄像机捕捉的。分析了安静眼（最后一次注视或跟踪注视，位于视觉显示器上的特定位置/物体上至少 100 毫秒）的持续时间和起始时间，以及水平和垂直平面上的枪支运动轨迹。
在双向飞碟、多向飞碟和双多向飞碟项目中，精英射手的安静眼起始时间更早，相对持续时间更长。此外，在所有三个项目中，精英和次精英射手在成功和不成功的试射中，安静眼的持续时间更长，起始时间更早。运动学分析表明，与次精英射手相比，精英射手使用的枪管运动速度更慢。
总的来说，在所有三个射击项目中，稳定的枪支运动和更长的安静眼持续时间似乎对成功表现至关重要。
