School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Oct;27(12):1249-60. doi: 10.1080/02640410903156449.
Interceptive actions require individuals to time their movements with an external event. To meet the intense spatial-temporal demands needed for successful interception, a tight coupling and coordination between perceptual and motor processes is required. The control strategy that underlies successful performance is a matter of debate. On the one hand, a predictive control strategy assumes that advanced information is used for response selection and the movement is carried out faithfully without modification. In contrast, a prospective control strategy assumes that the movement response is continuously specified through to the point of interception. Using the rapid interceptive timing task of ice hockey goaltending, we explored the effects of progressively removing predictive visual information from the shooter on the gaze behaviours and motor responses of elite goaltenders. Results showed that the goaltenders used a prospective reversal strategy on 18 of 79 glove trials (22.8% of glove saves; 4.5% of total shots). When a reversal was used, the goaltenders were more successful (saved 11/18 reversals). The gaze behaviour that corresponded to both of these strategies was the quiet eye, which was the final fixation before the onset of the saving motion. The optimal location and duration of the quiet eye was an important factor for successful interception of the puck.
拦截动作要求个体将其动作与外部事件同步。为了满足成功拦截所需的高强度时空要求，需要在感知和运动过程之间进行紧密的耦合和协调。成功表现所依赖的控制策略是一个有争议的问题。一方面，预测控制策略假设使用高级信息进行响应选择，并且动作在不进行修改的情况下忠实地执行。相比之下，前瞻性控制策略假设通过拦截点持续指定运动响应。我们使用冰球守门员的快速拦截计时任务，探讨了逐步从射手身上去除预测性视觉信息对精英守门员的注视行为和运动反应的影响。结果表明，守门员在 79 次手套扑救中的 18 次（22.8%的手套扑救；总射门的 4.5%）中使用了前瞻性逆转策略。当使用逆转时，守门员的成功率更高（18 次逆转中有 11 次成功）。这两种策略对应的注视行为是静眼，即在开始扑救动作之前的最后一次注视。静眼的最佳位置和持续时间是成功拦截冰球的一个重要因素。
