Laboratoire Langage, Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS-Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Sep;40(9):1104-17. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-0960-8.
On being told "John or Mary will come", one might infer that not both of them will come. Yet the semantics of "or" is compatible with a situation where both John and Mary come. Inferences of this type, which enrich the semantics of "or" from an 'inclusive' to an 'exclusive' interpretation, have been extensively studied in linguistic pragmatics. However, the phenomenon has not been much explored in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), where pragmatic deficits are commonly reported. Here, we present an experiment investigating these inferences. We predicted that, as a result of the reported pragmatic deficits, participants with ASD would produce fewer inferential enrichments of "or" than matched controls. However, contrary to expectations, but in line with recent findings by Pijnacker et al. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 607-618, 2009), performances did not differ across groups. This unexpected finding is discussed in light of the literature on pragmatic abilities in autism.
当被告知“约翰或玛丽将会来”，人们可能推断出他们不会同时到来。然而，“或”的语义与约翰和玛丽都来的情况是兼容的。这种从“包含”到“排除”解释的推理，在语言语用学中得到了广泛的研究。然而，这种现象在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中并没有得到太多的探索，因为在 ASD 中普遍存在语用缺陷。在这里，我们提出了一个实验来研究这些推理。我们预测，由于报告的语用缺陷，自闭症患者产生的“或”的推理丰富程度会比匹配对照组少。然而，与预期相反，但与 Pijnacker 等人最近的研究结果（《自闭症与发育障碍杂志》，39, 607-618, 2009）一致，两组之间的表现没有差异。这一意外的发现是根据自闭症的语用能力文献进行讨论的。
