Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Heiglhofstrasse 63, 81377 Munich, Germany.
BMC Neurol. 2010 Feb 9;10:12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-12.
Use of electronic media, i.e. mobile phones, computers, television, game consoles or listening to music, is very common, especially amongst adolescents. There is currently a debate about whether frequent use of these media might have adverse effects on health, especially on headaches, which are among the most-reported health complaints in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between frequent use of electronic media and the prevalence of different types of headache in adolescents.
Data were derived from a population-based sample (n = 1,025, ages 13-17 years). Type of headache (i.e. migraine, tension-type headache, unclassifiable headache) was ascertained by standardized questionnaires for subjects reporting headache episodes at least once per month during the last six months. Duration of electronic media use was assessed during personal interviews. Associations were estimated with logistic regression models adjusted for age group, sex, family condition and socio-economic status.
Most of the adolescents used computers (85%), watched television (90%) or listened to music (90%) daily, otherwise only 23% of the participants used their mobile phones and only 25% played with game consoles on a daily basis. A statistically significant association between listening to music and any headache (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.1 for 30 minutes per day, 2.1; 1.2-3.7 for 1 to 2 hours per day; 2.0; 1.2-3.5 for 3 hours and longer listening to music per day) was observed. When stratifying for type of headache, no statistically significant association was seen.
Apart from an association between listening to music on a daily basis and overall headache, no consistent associations between the use of electronic media and different types of headache were observed.
电子媒体（如手机、电脑、电视、游戏机或听音乐）的使用非常普遍，尤其是在青少年中。目前，人们正在争论频繁使用这些媒体是否会对健康产生不良影响，尤其是头痛，头痛是青少年中报告最多的健康问题之一。本研究旨在评估青少年频繁使用电子媒体与不同类型头痛患病率之间的关系。
数据来自基于人群的样本（n=1025，年龄 13-17 岁）。通过标准化问卷确定头痛类型（即偏头痛、紧张型头痛、无法分类的头痛），要求报告过去六个月中每月至少有一次头痛发作的受试者填写问卷。在个人访谈中评估电子媒体使用时间。使用逻辑回归模型调整年龄组、性别、家庭状况和社会经济地位后，估计关联。
大多数青少年每天都使用电脑（85%）、看电视（90%）或听音乐（90%），否则只有 23%的参与者每天使用手机，只有 25%的参与者每天玩游戏机。每天听音乐 30 分钟（比值比 1.8，95%置信区间 1.1-3.1）、每天听音乐 1-2 小时（比值比 2.1，95%置信区间 1.2-3.7）、每天听音乐 3 小时及以上（比值比 2.0，95%置信区间 1.2-3.5）与任何头痛之间存在统计学显著关联。当按头痛类型分层时，未见统计学显著关联。
除了每天听音乐与总体头痛之间存在关联外，没有观察到电子媒体使用与不同类型头痛之间存在一致的关联。
