癌症护理中的积极心理学：伪科学、夸大其词的说法和未经证实的医学。
Positive psychology in cancer care: bad science, exaggerated claims, and unproven medicine.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3535 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2010 Feb;39(1):16-26. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9154-z.
BACKGROUND
Claims of positive psychology about people with cancer enjoy great popularity because they seem to offer scientific confirmation of strongly held cultural beliefs and values.
PURPOSE
Our goal is to examine critically four widely accepted claims in the positive psychology literature regarding adaptational outcomes among individuals living with cancer.
METHODS
We examine: (1) the role of positive factors, such as a "fighting spirit" in extending the life of persons with cancer; (2) effects of interventions cultivating positive psychological states on immune functioning and cancer progression and mortality; and evidence concerning (3) benefit finding and (4) post-traumatic growth following serious illness such as cancer and other highly threatening experiences.
RESULTS
Claims about these areas of research routinely made in the positive psychology literature do not fit with available evidence. We note in particular the incoherence of claims about the adaptational value of benefit finding and post-traumatic growth among cancer patients, and the implausibility of claims that interventions that enhance benefit finding improve the prognosis of cancer patients by strengthening the immune system.
CONCLUSION
We urge positive psychologists to rededicate themselves to a positive psychology based on scientific evidence rather than wishful thinking.
背景
积极心理学对癌症患者的主张备受推崇，因为它们似乎为人们强烈持有的文化信仰和价值观提供了科学依据。
目的
我们的目标是批判性地审视积极心理学文献中关于癌症患者适应结果的四个广为接受的主张。
方法
我们考察了：（1）积极因素（如“斗志”）在延长癌症患者寿命中的作用；（2）培养积极心理状态的干预措施对免疫功能和癌症进展及死亡率的影响；以及有关（3）疾病获益和（4）严重疾病（如癌症和其他高威胁经历）后创伤后成长的证据。
结果
积极心理学文献中关于这些研究领域的主张与现有证据不符。我们特别注意到，在癌症患者的获益寻求和创伤后成长的适应性价值主张方面存在不一致，以及声称增强获益寻求的干预措施通过增强免疫系统来改善癌症患者的预后是不合理的。
结论
我们敦促积极心理学家重新致力于基于科学证据而不是一厢情愿的积极心理学。
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