Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Mar;23(3):716-27. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21435. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
In Stroop-like tasks, conflict effects in behavioral measures and ACC activity are smaller on trials following an incongruent trial than following a congruent one. Researchers have found no agreement on whether these sequential effects in ACC can be driven by experienced incongruency only or also by expectations about target types. In the present fMRI experiment, we specifically manipulated the expectancies by using symbolic cues predicting with 75% or 50% certainty the incongruent or congruent targets in a Stroop-like task. Both behavioral and dorsal ACC data replicated previous sequential effects, with conflict effects being smallest for targets following the cues that predicted with 75% certainty the incongruent targets. However, these effects were not driven by experienced conflict but by symbolic cues. These results demonstrate differential attentional control activity in ACC after probabilistic cueing, providing evidence for control adjustments driven by changes in expectation.
在斯特鲁普样任务中，行为测量和 ACC 活动中的冲突效应在跟随不一致试次之后比跟随一致试次时更小。研究人员尚未就这些 ACC 中的序列效应是否仅由经验不一致性驱动，还是也由对目标类型的预期驱动达成一致意见。在本 fMRI 实验中，我们特别通过使用符号线索来操纵期望，符号线索以 75%或 50%的概率预测斯特鲁普样任务中的不一致或一致目标。行为和背侧 ACC 数据复制了先前的序列效应，在跟随以 75%概率预测不一致目标的线索之后，冲突效应最小。然而，这些效应不是由经验冲突驱动的，而是由符号线索驱动的。这些结果表明，在概率线索后，ACC 中的注意力控制活动存在差异，为预期变化驱动的控制调整提供了证据。
