Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan.
Dev Growth Differ. 2010 Apr;52(3):303-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01167.x. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provide the foundation for spermatogenesis, and are unique tissue-specific stem cells because of their ability to transmit genetic information to offspring. Generation of knockout mice using mouse SSCs became feasible after the successful establishment of protocols for the transplantation and long-term culture of these cells, called germline stem (GS) cells. Furthermore, SSCs can acquire pluripotentiality similar to that of embryonic stem (ES) cells, in addition to their highly differentiated spermatogenic potential. These ES-like cells, called multipotent GS (mGS) cells, are capable of generating knockout mice in a manner similar to that of ES cells. The use of GS and mGS cells for animal transgenesis has added a new dimension to gene-targeting technology using ES cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer, which has limited application. Furthermore, for regenerative medicine purposes, the use of mGS will settle problems such as ethics issues and immunological rejection associated with ES cells, as well as risks of insertional mutagenesis associated with integrated genes into induced pluripotent stem cells.
精原干细胞 (SSCs) 为精子发生提供了基础，并且是独特的组织特异性干细胞，因为它们能够将遗传信息传递给后代。在成功建立了这些细胞的移植和长期培养方案（称为生殖干细胞 (GS) 细胞）之后，使用小鼠 SSCs 生成敲除小鼠成为可能。此外，SSCs 除了具有高度分化的精子发生潜能外，还可以获得类似于胚胎干细胞 (ES) 细胞的多能性。这些类似于 ES 细胞的多能性 GS（mGS）细胞能够以类似于 ES 细胞的方式生成敲除小鼠。GS 和 mGS 细胞用于动物转基因，为使用 ES 细胞和体细胞核转移的基因靶向技术增添了新的维度，因为这些技术的应用受到限制。此外，出于再生医学的目的，使用 mGS 将解决与 ES 细胞相关的伦理问题和免疫排斥问题，以及与整合基因到诱导多能干细胞相关的插入突变风险。
