Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
J Biotechnol. 2010 Sep 15;149(4):229-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.024. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) is a new imaging technique that offers the potential to image non-crystalline materials to sub-nanometer resolutions. Here we review the progress in CXDI of biological samples at both synchrotron and free electron laser (FEL) sources. We outline the experimental design of a CXDI experiment and summarize the iterative phase retrieval techniques that are used to produce images from the measured diffraction patterns. We describe a selection of key experiments performed in bio-imaging with CXDI from synchrotron sources, and we discuss the proof-of-principle experiments performed at FLASH at DESY in Hamburg. Finally, we show through simulation that for realistic parameters of hard X-ray FELs a resolution of a few nanometers may be achieved for individual biological objects imaged with single pulses of FEL radiation. Furthermore, we revise how this resolution may be improved to the sub-nanometer range if we image multiple copies of samples with a reproducible structure.
相干 X 射线衍射成像（CXDI）是一种新的成像技术，有可能将非晶态材料成像到亚纳米分辨率。在这里，我们回顾了在同步加速器和自由电子激光（FEL）源下对生物样品进行 CXDI 的进展。我们概述了 CXDI 实验的实验设计，并总结了用于从测量的衍射图案中生成图像的迭代相位恢复技术。我们描述了在同步加速器源的生物成像中进行的一系列关键实验，并讨论了在汉堡 DESY 的 FLASH 进行的原理验证实验。最后，我们通过模拟表明，对于硬 X 射线 FEL 的现实参数，对于用 FEL 辐射的单个脉冲成像的单个生物物体，可能达到几纳米的分辨率。此外，如果我们用具有可重复结构的多个样品的图像，我们将重新评估如何将分辨率提高到亚纳米范围。
