University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010 Feb;53(1):146-59. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0160).
To determine whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) show deficits in lexical-semantic organization and, if so, whether these deficits are commensurate with their delay in vocabulary size and whether the deficits affect all children with SLI.
Fourteen children with SLI, 14 age matches (AM), and 14 expressive vocabulary matches (VM) generated 3 associations to each of 48 words. Associations were coded as semantic (e.g., dog-pet), clang (e.g., cow-how), or erroneous (e.g., spoon-Disney).
Relative to the AM children, children with SLI produced fewer semantic responses, more clangs, and more errors. Relative to the VM children, fewer semantic responses and more errors in the children with SLI were found in by-item analyses. Across elicitation trials, semantic responses decreased in the AM and VM children but remained stable in the SLI children. Examination of individual performance in the SLI group revealed that poor semantic performance was associated with a deficit in expressive vocabulary and a gap between receptive and expressive vocabularies.
Significant variability in lexical-semantic organization skills exists among children with SLI. Deficits in lexical-semantic organization were demonstrated by a subgroup of children with SLI who likely had concomitant word-finding difficulties.
确定特定语言障碍（SLI）儿童是否在词汇语义组织方面存在缺陷，如果是，这些缺陷是否与他们在词汇量方面的延迟相称，以及这些缺陷是否影响所有 SLI 儿童。
14 名 SLI 儿童、14 名年龄匹配（AM）儿童和 14 名表达性词汇匹配（VM）儿童对 48 个单词中的每个单词生成了 3 个联想。联想被编码为语义（例如，狗-宠物）、类韵（例如，牛-如何）或错误（例如，勺子-迪士尼）。
与 AM 儿童相比，SLI 儿童产生的语义反应较少，类韵较多，错误较多。与 VM 儿童相比，通过项目分析，SLI 儿童的语义反应较少，错误较多。在整个诱发试验中，AM 和 VM 儿童的语义反应减少，但 SLI 儿童的反应保持稳定。对 SLI 组的个体表现进行检查后发现，语义表现不佳与表达性词汇缺陷以及接受性词汇和表达性词汇之间的差距有关。
SLI 儿童在词汇语义组织技能方面存在显著的差异。词汇语义组织缺陷是由一组 SLI 儿童表现出来的，他们可能同时存在寻词困难。
