Sharma Renu, Young Christopher, Neu Josef
Division of Neonatology, University of Florida at Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:305879. doi: 10.1155/2010/305879. Epub 2010 Jan 31.
The daunting task required of the gut-barrier to prevent luminal pathogens and harmful substances from entering into the internal milieu and yet promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients requires an exquisite degree of coordination between the different architectural units of this barrier. The complex integration and execution of these functions are superbly carried out by the intestinal mucosal (IM) surface. Exposed to trillions of luminal microbes, the IM averts threats by signaling to the innate immune system, through pattern recognition receptors (PRR), to respond to the commensal bacteria by developing tolerance (hyporesponsiveness) towards them. This system also acts by protecting against pathogens by elaborating and releasing protective peptides, cytokines, chemokines, and phagocytic cells. The IM is constantly sampling luminal contents and making molecular adjustments at its frontier. This article describes the topography of the IM and the mechanisms of molecular adjustments that protect the internal milieu, and also describes the role of the microbiota in achieving this goal.
肠道屏障肩负着一项艰巨任务，既要防止肠腔内的病原体和有害物质进入体内环境，又要促进营养物质的消化和吸收，这需要该屏障的不同结构单元之间进行精确的协调。这些功能的复杂整合与执行由肠道黏膜（IM）表面出色地完成。IM暴露于数万亿的肠腔微生物中，它通过模式识别受体（PRR）向先天免疫系统发出信号，以对共生细菌产生耐受性（低反应性），从而避免威胁。该系统还通过产生和释放保护性肽、细胞因子、趋化因子以及吞噬细胞来抵御病原体。IM不断对肠腔内容物进行采样，并在其前沿进行分子调整。本文描述了IM的拓扑结构以及保护体内环境的分子调整机制，还描述了微生物群在实现这一目标中的作用。
