Integrative and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, Scotland, UK.
Metabolism. 2011 Feb;60(2):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.026. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
Daughters of diabetes patients have lower insulin sensitivity than women with no diabetes family history, but increase insulin sensitivity to a greater extent with exercise training. This study aimed to determine whether differences in circulating concentrations of adiponectin and leptin, and adipose tissue expression of their genes and receptors played a role. Women offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 34; age, 35.6 ± 7.0 years; body mass index, 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m²) and matched controls with no diabetes family history (n = 36; age, 33.6 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 27.3 ± 4.7 kg/m²) participated. Blood and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained at baseline and after a controlled 7-week endurance-type exercise intervention (sessions were performed at 65%-80% of maximum heart rate). At baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups in circulating leptin or adiponectin concentrations, or expression of their genes or receptors. In response to exercise, plasma leptin decreased more in offspring than controls (-32.2% vs -7.3%, P = .005 for interaction); and the long isoform of the leptin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) increased significantly only in the offspring (+39.4%, P = .026 vs +7.7%, P = .892). Leptin mRNA decreased similarly in both groups (-24.7% vs -25.0%, P < .05 for both). Furthermore, changes in plasma leptin (r = -0.432, P < .001) and leptin mRNA (r = -0.298, P = .019) correlated significantly with changes in insulin sensitivity. Plasma adiponectin decreased similarly in both groups (-12.1% vs -15.2%, P < .01 for both), but no significant changes were observed in adiponectin-related gene expression. This work shows that exercise training has differing effects on leptin-related variables between women with and without a diabetes family history and suggests that these molecular differences may contribute to the differential effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity between these 2 groups.
糖尿病患者的女儿胰岛素敏感性低于无糖尿病家族史的女性，但通过运动训练可更大程度地提高胰岛素敏感性。本研究旨在确定循环中脂联素和瘦素的浓度以及它们的基因和受体在脂肪组织中的表达是否起作用。2 型糖尿病患者的女性后代（n = 34；年龄 35.6 ± 7.0 岁；体重指数 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m²）和匹配的无糖尿病家族史的对照组（n = 36；年龄 33.6 ± 6.1 岁；体重指数 27.3 ± 4.7 kg/m²）参与了这项研究。在基线和经过 7 周的耐力型运动干预（以最大心率的 65%-80%进行）后，采集了血液和腹部皮下脂肪组织样本。在基线时，两组之间循环瘦素或脂联素浓度、其基因或受体的表达无显著差异。运动后，后代的血浆瘦素下降幅度大于对照组（-32.2%对-7.3%，P =.005 交互作用）；并且瘦素受体信使 RNA（mRNA）的长型仅在后代中显著增加（+39.4%，P =.026 对+7.7%，P =.892）。两组的瘦素 mRNA 下降幅度相似（-24.7%对-25.0%，均 P <.05）。此外，血浆瘦素的变化（r = -0.432，P <.001）和瘦素 mRNA 的变化（r = -0.298，P =.019）与胰岛素敏感性的变化显著相关。两组的血浆脂联素下降幅度相似（-12.1%对-15.2%，均 P <.01），但脂联素相关基因表达无显著变化。本研究表明，运动训练对有和无糖尿病家族史的女性的瘦素相关变量有不同的影响，并表明这些分子差异可能导致这两组之间运动训练对胰岛素敏感性的不同影响。
