Jain Nishant Kumar, Roy Ipsita
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2010 Feb;Chapter 4:Unit 4.9. doi: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0409s59.
The role of osmolytes, and especially trehalose, in stabilizing proteins under stress conditions is now a widely accepted fact. The physical and chemical properties of trehalose, i.e., low chemical reactivity, nonreducing nature, high glass transition temperature, high affinity for water molecules, existence of a number of polymorphs, etc., make it uniquely suitable for stabilizing partially unfolded protein molecules and inhibiting protein aggregation. This article discusses the various adverse situations that protein molecules face, both within the cell and outside, leading to their aggregation and inactivation. The use of trehalose in stabilizing protein molecules and helping them retain their functionally active forms under such conditions is examined. The various theories and mechanisms used to explain the protective action of trehalose are briefly presented. The experimental tools that can be used to decipher the mechanism of aggregation and the role of trehalose are also discussed.
在应激条件下，渗透剂尤其是海藻糖在稳定蛋白质方面的作用如今已是一个被广泛接受的事实。海藻糖的物理和化学性质，即低化学反应性、非还原性、高玻璃化转变温度、对水分子的高亲和力、多种多晶型的存在等，使其特别适合稳定部分展开的蛋白质分子并抑制蛋白质聚集。本文讨论了蛋白质分子在细胞内外所面临的导致其聚集和失活的各种不利情况。研究了在这些条件下使用海藻糖稳定蛋白质分子并帮助它们保持功能活性形式的情况。简要介绍了用于解释海藻糖保护作用的各种理论和机制。还讨论了可用于解读聚集机制和海藻糖作用的实验工具。
