Theoretical Ecology, Department of Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Mar 27;365(1542):869-81. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0217.
In this review, I will present an overview of the development of the field of scatter hoarding studies. Scatter hoarding is a conspicuous behaviour and it has been observed by humans for a long time. Apart from an exceptional experimental study already published in 1720, it started with observational field studies of scatter hoarding birds in the 1940s. Driven by a general interest in birds, several ornithologists made large-scale studies of hoarding behaviour in species such as nutcrackers and boreal titmice. Scatter hoarding birds seem to remember caching locations accurately, and it was shown in the 1960s that successful retrieval is dependent on a specific part of the brain, the hippocampus. The study of scatter hoarding, spatial memory and the hippocampus has since then developed into a study system for evolutionary studies of spatial memory. In 1978, a game theoretical paper started the era of modern studies by establishing that a recovery advantage is necessary for individual hoarders for the evolution of a hoarding strategy. The same year, a combined theoretical and empirical study on scatter hoarding squirrels investigated how caches should be spaced out in order to minimize cache loss, a phenomenon sometimes called optimal cache density theory. Since then, the scatter hoarding paradigm has branched into a number of different fields: (i) theoretical and empirical studies of the evolution of hoarding, (ii) field studies with modern sampling methods, (iii) studies of the precise nature of the caching memory, (iv) a variety of studies of caching memory and its relationship to the hippocampus. Scatter hoarding has also been the subject of studies of (v) coevolution between scatter hoarding animals and the plants that are dispersed by these.
在这篇综述中，我将概述散布贮藏研究领域的发展。散布贮藏是一种明显的行为，人类很早就观察到了这种行为。除了 1720 年已经发表的一项特殊的实验研究外，它始于 20 世纪 40 年代对散布贮藏鸟类的观察性野外研究。受对鸟类普遍兴趣的驱动，几位鸟类学家对坚果裂齿鸟和北方山雀等物种的贮藏行为进行了大规模研究。散布贮藏鸟类似乎能准确地记住贮藏地点，并且在 20 世纪 60 年代已经表明，成功检索取决于大脑的一个特定部分，即海马体。此后，散布贮藏、空间记忆和海马体的研究已经发展成为空间记忆进化研究的一个研究系统。1978 年，一篇博弈论论文通过证明个体贮藏者必须具有回收优势才能使贮藏策略进化，开创了现代研究的时代。同年，一项关于散布贮藏松鼠的理论与实证研究调查了为了最小化贮藏物损失（有时称为最佳贮藏物密度理论）应该如何间隔贮藏物。从那时起，散布贮藏范例已经发展成了几个不同的领域：（i）贮藏进化的理论和实证研究，（ii）使用现代采样方法的野外研究，（iii）贮藏记忆的精确性质研究，（iv）对贮藏记忆及其与海马体关系的各种研究。散布贮藏也一直是研究（v）散布贮藏动物与其所散布的植物之间的协同进化的主题。
