Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Aug;34(8):1275-83. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.36. Epub 2010 Feb 16.
To undertake a 6-year longitudinal investigation of the relationship between the built environment (perceived and objectively measured) and change in body mass index (BMI). Specifically, this research examined whether change in BMI was predicted by objectively measured neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status (SES), and perceived neighborhood characteristics (for example, crime, traffic and interesting things to look at) in addition to other factors such as age, gender, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking.
Longitudinal study.
500 adults who provided complete data in 2002 and 2008 and who did not move over the course of the study (47.8% female; age in 2002: 18-90 years).
Telephone surveys in 2002 and 2008 measuring perceptions of their neighborhood environment and demographic factors. Objective measures of neighborhood characteristics were calculated using census data and geographical information systems in 2006.
Age, neighborhood SES and perceived traffic were significantly related to increased BMI over the 6 years. Younger participants and those in lower SES neighborhoods were more likely to have increased BMI. Agreement with the statement that traffic made it difficult to walk also predicted increased BMI.
This study adds to the literature to show that BMI increased in low SES neighborhoods. Although more research is needed to fully understand how neighborhood SES contributes to obesity, it is without question that individuals in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods face more barriers to health than their wealthier counterparts. This study also calls into question the relationship between walkability and changes in BMI and emphasizes the necessity of longitudinal data rather than relying on cross-sectional research.
对（感知到的和客观测量的）建成环境与体重指数（BMI）变化之间的关系进行 6 年的纵向研究。具体而言，本研究检验了 BMI 的变化是否可以通过客观测量的邻里可步行性和社会经济地位（SES）以及感知到的邻里特征（例如犯罪、交通和值得一看的事物）来预测，除此之外，还包括其他因素，如年龄、性别、教育、体力活动、水果和蔬菜摄入以及吸烟。
纵向研究。
2002 年和 2008 年提供完整数据且在研究过程中未搬家的 500 名成年人（女性占 47.8%；2002 年的年龄：18-90 岁）。
2002 年和 2008 年通过电话调查测量对邻里环境和人口统计学因素的感知。2006 年使用人口普查数据和地理信息系统计算邻里特征的客观指标。
年龄、邻里 SES 和感知到的交通与 6 年内 BMI 的增加显著相关。年轻的参与者和 SES 较低的邻里的参与者更有可能 BMI 增加。同意“交通使步行变得困难”的说法也预测 BMI 增加。
本研究增加了文献，表明 SES 较低的邻里中 BMI 增加。尽管需要更多的研究来充分了解 SES 如何导致肥胖，但毫无疑问，社会劣势邻里中的个体面临比其富裕同行更多的健康障碍。本研究还对可步行性与 BMI 变化之间的关系提出了质疑，并强调了需要使用纵向数据而不是依赖横断面研究。
