Veening Jan G, Barendregt Henk P
Department of Anatomy, (109) UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010 Jan 6;7:1. doi: 10.1186/1743-8454-7-1.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system provides nutrients to and removes waste products from the brain. Recent findings suggest, however, that in addition, the CSF contains message molecules in the form of actively released neuroactive substances. The concentrations of these vary between locations, suggesting they are important for the changes in brain activity that underlie different brain states, and induce different sensory input and behavioral output relationships.The cranial CSF displays a rapid caudally-directed ventricular flow followed by a slower rostrally-directed subarachnoid flow (mainly towards the cribriform plate and from there into the nasal lymphatics). Thus, many brain areas are exposed to and can be influenced by substances contained in the CSF. In this review we discuss the production and flow of the CSF, including the mechanisms involved in the regulation of its composition. In addition, the available evidence for the release of neuropeptides and other neuroactive substances into the CSF is reviewed, with particular attention to the selective effects of these on distant downstream receptive brain areas. As a conclusion we suggest that (1) the flowing CSF is involved in more than just nutrient and waste control, but is also used as a broadcasting system consisting of coordinated messages to a variety of nearby and distant brain areas; (2) this special form of volume transmission underlies changes in behavioral states.
脑脊液（CSF）系统为大脑提供营养并清除大脑中的废物。然而，最近的研究发现，脑脊液中还含有以主动释放的神经活性物质形式存在的信息分子。这些物质的浓度在不同位置有所不同，这表明它们对于构成不同脑状态基础的大脑活动变化很重要，并能诱导不同的感觉输入与行为输出关系。颅内脑脊液呈现出快速的尾侧脑室流动，随后是较慢的头侧蛛网膜下腔流动（主要朝向筛板并从那里进入鼻淋巴管）。因此，许多脑区会接触到脑脊液中的物质并可能受到其影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了脑脊液的产生和流动，包括调节其成分的相关机制。此外，我们还综述了神经肽和其他神经活性物质释放到脑脊液中的现有证据，特别关注这些物质对远处下游接受性脑区的选择性作用。作为结论，我们认为：（1）流动的脑脊液不仅参与营养和废物控制，还用作向各种附近和远处脑区传递协调信息的广播系统；（2）这种特殊形式的容积传输是行为状态变化的基础。
