Department of Anatomy (109), University Medical Center St, Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Fluids Barriers CNS. 2012 Aug 10;9(1):16. doi: 10.1186/2045-8118-9-16.
There is increasing evidence that non-synaptic communication by volume transmission in the flowing CSF plays an important role in neural mechanisms, especially for extending the duration of behavioral effects. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms involved in the behavioral and physiological effects of β-endorphin (β-END), especially those involving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a message transport system to reach distant brain areas. The major source of β-END are the pro-opio-melano-cortin (POMC) neurons, located in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARH), bordering the 3rd ventricle. In addition, numerous varicose β-END-immunoreactive fibers are situated close to the ventricular surfaces. In the present paper we surveyed the evidence that volume transmission via the CSF can be considered as an option for messages to reach remote brain areas. Some of the points discussed in the present review are: release mechanisms of β-END, independence of peripheral versus central levels, central β-END migration over considerable distances, behavioral effects of β-END depend on location of ventricular administration, and abundance of mu and delta opioid receptors in the periventricular regions of the brain.
越来越多的证据表明，脑脊液的容积传递中的非突触通讯在神经机制中起着重要作用，特别是对于延长行为效应的持续时间。在本综述中，我们探讨了β-内啡肽（β-END）的行为和生理效应所涉及的机制，特别是那些涉及脑脊液（CSF）作为信息传递系统以到达远距离脑区的机制。β-END 的主要来源是位于弓状下丘脑核（ARH）中的前阿黑皮素原-促黑素皮质素（POMC）神经元，该核毗邻第三脑室。此外，大量的曲张β-END-免疫反应性纤维靠近脑室表面。在本文中，我们调查了通过 CSF 进行容积传递可以被认为是信息到达远距离脑区的一种选择的证据。本综述中讨论的一些观点包括：β-END 的释放机制、外周与中枢水平的独立性、β-END 在相当长的距离内的中枢迁移、β-END 的行为效应取决于脑室给药的位置，以及脑周围室区域中丰富的μ和δ阿片受体。
