19世纪城市中的生存状况：城市规模越大，生存几率越小。
Survival in 19th Century Cities: The Larger the City, the Smaller Your Chances.
作者信息
Cain Louis, Hong Sok Chul
机构信息
Professor of Economics at Loyola University Chicago, Adjunct Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, and a Senior Investigator at the Center for Population Economics at the University of Chicago (Email:
出版信息
Explor Econ Hist. 2009 Oct 1;46(4):450-463. doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2009.05.001.
Using Union Army veterans' lifetime socioeconomic and health records, this essay finds a consistent and persistent hierarchy in survival rates and hazard ratios by urban size at and across three stages of life: birth, late adolescence, and death. This urban mortality penalty remains after controlling for variables associated with each individual veteran. The results of our geographical mobility analyses suggest that, with respect to these veterans, the search for an explanation should focus on late adolescence and adulthood as much as on early life. A complete explanation of the penalty requires a project of greater scope.
利用联邦军队退伍军人一生的社会经济和健康记录，本文发现，在出生、青春期后期和死亡这三个生命阶段，生存率和风险比存在着与城市规模一致且持续的等级差异。在控制了与每位退伍军人相关的变量之后，这种城市死亡率惩罚依然存在。我们的地理流动性分析结果表明，对于这些退伍军人而言，寻求解释应同样关注青春期后期和成年期以及早期生活。对这种惩罚的完整解释需要一个范围更大的项目。
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