García-Muñoz E, Guerrero F, Parra G
Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010 Aug;59(2):312-21. doi: 10.1007/s00244-010-9473-x. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
Intraspecific and interspecific variations have been observed across many taxa with respect to resistance to natural environmental stressors. It has already been well documented that amphibians are sensitive to habitat degradation and are regarded as bioindicators of aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. In southern Spain, different toxic substances, including copper sulphate, which is used to control Cycloconium oleaginum (Fungi, Ascomycota, Venturiaceae) during spring and autumn, are used in intensive olive tree agriculture. In this context, many wetlands are affected by a diffuse pollution process. Thus, toxicological studies using different species living in wetlands surrounded by agricultural activity are needed to understand the alterations suffered by these ecosystems. To achieve this understanding, individuals of five amphibian species (Bufo bufo, Epidalea calamita, Discoglossus jeanneae, Pelobates cultripes, and Pelophylax perezi) at Gosner developmental stages 19 and 25 were exposed to different copper sulphate concentrations in 96 h acute toxicity tests. Exposure to copper sulphate had a negative effect on total larval length reached at the end of the experimental period and generated approximately 30% of growth reduction respect to control treatments. P. perezi was the most tolerant species studied and showed no mortality at the maximum concentration tested (0.20 mg Cu L(-1)), whereas the most sensitive species (B. bufo, E. calamita, and D. jeanneae) showed approximately 90% mortality at the same concentration. These results indicates that the sole presence in wetlands of P. perezi, the most abundant species in southeast of Iberian Peninsula, might be correlated with its high tolerance to agrochemicals.
在许多生物分类群中，已经观察到种内和种间在对自然环境压力源的抗性方面存在差异。两栖动物对栖息地退化敏感，被视为水生和农业生态系统的生物指示物种，这一点已有充分记录。在西班牙南部，集约化橄榄树种植中使用了不同的有毒物质，包括硫酸铜，在春秋两季用于防治油橄榄环壳孢菌（真菌，子囊菌门，黑星菌科）。在这种情况下，许多湿地受到扩散污染过程的影响。因此，需要开展毒理学研究，利用生活在受农业活动影响的湿地中的不同物种，来了解这些生态系统所遭受的变化。为了达成这一认识，在96小时急性毒性试验中，将处于戈斯纳发育阶段19和25的五种两栖动物（Bufo bufo、Epidalea calamita、Discoglossus jeanneae、Pelobates cultripes和Pelophylax perezi）的个体暴露于不同浓度的硫酸铜中。暴露于硫酸铜对实验期结束时达到的幼虫总长度有负面影响，与对照处理相比，生长减少了约30%。P. perezi是所研究的最耐受的物种，在测试的最高浓度（0.20毫克铜/升）下没有死亡，而最敏感的物种（B. bufo、E. calamita和D. jeanneae）在相同浓度下死亡率约为90%。这些结果表明，伊比利亚半岛东南部最丰富的物种P. perezi在湿地中的单独存在可能与其对农用化学品的高耐受性有关。
