Karan V, Vitorović S, Tutundzić V, Poleksić V
Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Zemun, Yugoslavia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1998 May-Jun;40(1-2):49-55. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1998.1641.
Copper sulfate is one of the most widely used algicides for the control of phytoplankton in lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. It is also used for aquatic weed control. To study the toxic effects of copper on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), toxicity tests were carried out. Fish recovery in copper-free water was followed. After a 14-day period of exposure to five concentrations of copper sulfate (0.25-4.0 mg/L CuSO4, values ranging from approximately 5 to 70% of the 96-h LC-50) and a recovery period of the same duration, activities of the functional enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood serum and gills were determined. Because the gills are the known target organ for copper, changes in gill structure were investigated as well. In all exposure groups for all the enzymes studied, an increase in activity was noted after 14 days. The increase in AP activity was the most pronounced in both gills and serum of carp exposed to the highest concentration tested (4 mg/L). After a "recovery" period, compared with the end of treatment, a decrease in enzyme activities was recorded, indicating eventual recovery from the Cu-induced stress (the only exception being the ALT activity in gills in the highest CuSO4 concentration). The results of biochemical analysis were confirmed by histopathology. Lesions such as epithelial hyperplasia, curling of secondary lamellae, and changes in chloride cells were observed on the gills, and their severity increased with increased toxicant concentration. Most of the changes were reversible, as exhibited by gill histopathology after the recovery period.
硫酸铜是湖泊、水库和池塘中用于控制浮游植物最广泛使用的除藻剂之一。它也用于控制水生杂草。为了研究铜对鲤鱼（鲤属鲤）的毒性作用，进行了毒性试验。跟踪了鱼在无铜水中的恢复情况。在暴露于五种浓度的硫酸铜（0.25 - 4.0毫克/升硫酸铜，值范围约为96小时半数致死浓度的5%至70%）14天以及相同持续时间的恢复期后，测定了血清和鳃中碱性磷酸酶（AP）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）等功能酶的活性。由于鳃是已知的铜靶器官，还研究了鳃结构的变化。在所有研究酶的所有暴露组中，14天后酶活性均有增加。在暴露于测试最高浓度（4毫克/升）的鲤鱼的鳃和血清中，AP活性的增加最为明显。在“恢复”期后，与处理结束时相比，酶活性有所下降，表明最终从铜诱导的应激中恢复（唯一的例外是最高硫酸铜浓度下鳃中的ALT活性）。生化分析结果得到了组织病理学的证实。在鳃上观察到上皮增生、次生薄片卷曲和氯细胞变化等病变，其严重程度随毒物浓度增加而增加。大多数变化是可逆的，恢复期后的鳃组织病理学显示了这一点。
