Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, Germany.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Mar;38(3):279-87. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.042.
In women, age and the menopausal transition contribute to an increase of body fat and a reduction of lean body mass associated with functional decline, affecting independent living.
Sarcopenia and adiposity in the elderly has been associated with increased mortality and functional decline affecting independent living.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of a multipurpose exercise program on the body composition and functional ability of elderly women living in a community.
An 18-month single-blinded RCT comparing participants in an exercise program with an active control group was conducted from May 2005 through December 2007. Analyses were conducted from January 2008 to July 2008.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-six women (aged 69.1+/-4.0 years) living independently in the area of Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany) participated in the study.
Subjects (n=123) performed a multipurpose exercise program with special emphasis on exercise intensity but with low-level requirements for training facilities and materials. The 123 women in the control group focused primarily on well-being.
Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Further, strength was evaluated using isometric techniques for the back and legs. Aerobic fitness was determined from a progressive-intensity treadmill test.
After 18 months, significant effects in favor of the exercise program for body composition were increases in appendicular skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass along with reductions in abdominal fat and total body fat. Significant performance effects also favored the exercise program and included enhanced isometric maximum trunk-extensor and leg press strength, leg press power, timed up-and-go test, and aerobic fitness.
A high-intensity multipurpose exercise program produced significant improvements in body composition and functional ability in a cohort of elderly women living in a community.
老年人的肌肉减少症和肥胖与死亡率增加以及影响独立生活的功能下降有关。
本研究旨在确定多用途运动方案对居住在社区的老年女性身体成分和功能能力的影响。
这是一项为期 18 个月的单盲 RCT 研究，比较了运动方案组和积极对照组参与者的情况。研究于 2005 年 5 月至 2007 年 12 月进行，分析于 2008 年 1 月至 7 月进行。
地点/参与者：246 名女性（年龄 69.1+/-4.0 岁）独立居住在埃尔兰根-纽伦堡地区（德国），参加了这项研究。
123 名受试者（n=123）参加了多用途运动方案，特别强调运动强度，但对训练设施和材料的要求较低。对照组的 123 名女性主要关注健康。
身体成分通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估。此外，通过等长技术评估背部和腿部的力量。有氧运动能力通过渐进强度跑步机测试确定。
18 个月后，运动方案在身体成分方面的效果显著，上肢骨骼肌质量和瘦体重增加，腹部脂肪和总体脂肪减少。显著的运动效果也有利于运动方案，包括增强的等长最大躯干伸肌和腿部按压强度、腿部按压功率、计时起立和行走测试以及有氧运动能力。
高强度多用途运动方案可显著改善居住在社区的老年女性的身体成分和功能能力。
