The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Switzerland.
Int J Drug Policy. 2010 Mar;21(2):103-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
Injecting drug use is a major driver of the HIV epidemic globally. Whilst robust evidence points to the effectiveness of harm reduction programmes to halt and reverse injecting drug use driven epidemics, uptake of these programmes in developing and transitional countries has been slow. In part, this slow uptake stems from inadequate financial resources for harm reduction; legal, socio-cultural and medical barriers leading to stigmatisation; and weak health systems unequipped to manage marginalized groups. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, established in 2002, has become the major multilateral source of external funding for harm reduction programmes in countries experiencing concentrated HIV epidemics driven by injecting drug use. Between 2004 to end of 2008, the Global Fund invested around US$180 million in harm reduction programmes in 42 countries. This funding has helped to initiate and scale up harm reduction programmes in settings where domestic funding was lacking. In addition to financing harm reduction programmes globally, the Global Fund has stimulated a strong dialogue between vulnerable groups and governments. Furthermore, the Global Fund has engaged in a dialogue with countries to encourage an evidence-based approach to policy-making that recognizes the immense value of harm reduction in HIV prevention and control.
注射吸毒是全球艾滋病流行的主要驱动因素。虽然有强有力的证据表明，减少伤害方案对于阻止和扭转由注射吸毒引发的艾滋病流行非常有效，但在发展中国家和转型期国家，这些方案的采用速度一直很慢。造成这种缓慢采用的部分原因是，减少伤害的财政资源不足；存在导致污名化的法律、社会文化和医疗障碍；卫生系统薄弱，无法管理边缘化群体。全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金成立于 2002 年，已成为受注射吸毒驱动的集中艾滋病流行国家减少伤害方案的主要多边外部资金来源。2004 年至 2008 年底，全球基金在 42 个国家投资了约 1.8 亿美元用于减少伤害方案。这笔资金有助于在缺乏国内资金的情况下启动和扩大减少伤害方案。除了为全球减少伤害方案供资外，全球基金还促进了弱势群体与政府之间的有力对话。此外，全球基金还与各国开展对话，鼓励采取循证决策办法，认识到减少伤害在艾滋病毒预防和控制方面具有巨大价值。
