Strum Shirley C
Int J Primatol. 2010 Feb;31(1):133-156. doi: 10.1007/s10764-009-9387-5. Epub 2010 Jan 8.
Ecosystems and habitats are fast becoming human dominated, which means that more species, including primates, are compelled to exploit new human resources to survive and compete. Primate "pests" pose major management and conservation challenges. I here present the results from a unique opportunity to document how well-known individuals and groups respond to the new opportunity to feed on human foods. Data are from a long-term study of a single population in Kenya at Kekopey, near Gilgil, Kenya. Some of the naïve research baboons became raiders while others did not. I compare diet, activity budgets, and home range use of raiders and nonraiders both simultaneously, after the incursion of agriculture, and historically compared to the period before agriculture appeared. I present measures of the relative benefits (female reproduction) and costs (injuries, mortality, and survivorship) of incorporating human food into the diet and discuss why the baboons raid and their variations in raiding tendencies. Guarding and chasing are evaluated as control techniques. I also suggest conflict mitigation strategies by identifying the most likely options in different contexts. I end with a proposal for a rapid field assessment of human wildlife conflict involving primates.
生态系统和栖息地正迅速被人类主导，这意味着包括灵长类动物在内的更多物种不得不开发新的人类资源以求生存和竞争。灵长类“害虫”带来了重大的管理和保护挑战。在此，我展示了一个独特机会所产生的结果，该机会记录了知名个体和群体如何应对以人类食物为食的新机遇。数据来自对肯尼亚吉尔吉尔附近凯科佩的一个单一种群的长期研究。一些原本天真的研究狒狒变成了掠夺者，而另一些则没有。我同时比较了农业入侵后掠夺者和非掠夺者的饮食、活动预算及活动范围的使用情况，并从历史角度将其与农业出现之前的时期进行比较。我展示了将人类食物纳入饮食的相对益处（雌性繁殖）和成本（受伤、死亡率和存活率）的衡量指标，并讨论了狒狒进行掠夺的原因及其掠夺倾向的差异。对看守和驱赶作为控制技术进行了评估。我还通过确定不同背景下最可能的选择来提出缓解冲突的策略。最后，我提出了一项针对涉及灵长类动物的人类与野生动物冲突的快速实地评估提案。
