Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
PLoS One. 2010 Feb 18;5(2):e9127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009127.
Training has been shown to improve perceptual performance on limited sets of stimuli. However, whether training can generally improve top-down biasing of visual search in a target-nonspecific manner remains unknown. We trained subjects over ten days on a visual search task, challenging them with a novel target (top-down goal) on every trial, while bottom-up uncertainty (distribution of distractors) remained constant. We analyzed the changes in saccade statistics and visual behavior over the course of training by recording eye movements as subjects performed the task. Subjects became experts at this task, with twofold increased performance, decreased fixation duration, and stronger tendency to guide gaze toward items with color and spatial frequency (but not necessarily orientation) that resembled the target, suggesting improved general top-down biasing of search.
培训已被证明可以提高对有限刺激的感知表现。然而，培训是否可以以非特定目标的方式普遍提高视觉搜索的自上而下的偏向，这仍然未知。我们在十天的时间里对受试者进行了一项视觉搜索任务的培训，在每一次试验中都用一个新的目标（自上而下的目标）来挑战他们，而同时保持了自下而上的不确定性（分心物的分布）不变。我们通过记录受试者在执行任务时的眼球运动，分析了培训过程中眼跳统计数据和视觉行为的变化。受试者成为了这个任务的专家，表现提高了两倍，注视持续时间缩短，并且更倾向于将目光引导到具有颜色和空间频率（但不一定是方向）与目标相似的项目上，这表明搜索的自上而下的偏向得到了改善。
