Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2010 Oct;49(7):385-94. doi: 10.1007/s00394-010-0096-9. Epub 2010 Feb 21.
Dietary patterns may better capture the multifaceted effects of diet on body composition than individual nutrients or foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns of a cohort of older adults, and examine relationships of dietary patterns with body composition. The influence of a polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene was considered.
The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective cohort study of 3,075 older adults. Participants' body composition and genetic variation were measured in detail. Food intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Block Dietary Data Systems, Berkeley, CA), and dietary patterns of 1,809 participants with complete data were derived by cluster analysis.
Six clusters were identified, including a 'Healthy foods' cluster characterized by higher intake of low-fat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables. An interaction was found between dietary patterns and PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype in relation to body composition. While Pro/Pro homozygous men and women in the 'Healthy foods' cluster did not differ significantly in body composition from those in other clusters, men with the Ala allele in the 'Healthy foods' cluster had significantly lower levels of adiposity than those in other clusters. Women with the Ala allele in the 'Healthy foods' cluster differed only in right thigh intermuscular fat from those in other clusters.
Relationships between diet and body composition in older adults may differ by gender and by genetic factors such as PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype.
饮食模式可能比单一营养素或食物更能全面反映饮食对身体成分的影响。本研究旨在调查一组老年人的饮食模式，并探讨饮食模式与身体成分的关系。研究还考虑了过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（PPAR-γ）基因多态性的影响。
健康、衰老与身体成分（Health ABC）研究是一项针对 3075 名老年人的前瞻性队列研究。详细测量了参与者的身体成分和遗传变异。采用半定量食物频率问卷（Block 膳食数据系统，伯克利，CA）评估食物摄入量，通过聚类分析得出 1809 名具有完整数据的参与者的饮食模式。
共确定了 6 个聚类，包括一个“健康食品”聚类，其特点是摄入更多的低脂乳制品、水果、全谷物、家禽、鱼类和蔬菜。研究发现，饮食模式与 PPAR-γ Pro12Ala 基因型之间存在交互作用，与身体成分有关。在“健康食品”聚类中，Pro/Pro 纯合子男性和女性的身体成分与其他聚类没有显著差异，但 Ala 等位基因携带者的身体脂肪含量显著低于其他聚类。在“健康食品”聚类中，Ala 等位基因携带者的女性只有右腿股间肌内脂肪与其他聚类存在差异。
在老年人中，饮食与身体成分之间的关系可能因性别和遗传因素（如 PPAR-γ Pro12Ala 基因型）而异。
