Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Mar;98(3):434-49. doi: 10.1037/a0017457.
Perceiving oneself as having powerful enemies, although superficially disagreeable, may serve an important psychological function. On the basis of E. Becker's (1969) existential theorizing, the authors argue that people attribute exaggerated influence to enemies as a means of compensating for perceptions of reduced control over their environment. In Study 1, individuals dispositionally low in perceived control responded to a reminder of external hazards by attributing more influence to a personal enemy. In Study 2, a situational threat to control over external hazard strengthened participants' belief in the conspiratorial power of a political enemy. Examining moderators and outcomes of this process, Study 3 showed that participants were especially likely to attribute influence over life events to an enemy when the broader social system appeared disordered, and Study 4 showed that perceiving an ambiguously powerful enemy under conditions of control threat decreased perceptions of external risk and bolstered feelings of personal control.
虽然表面上令人不快，但将自己视为拥有强大敌人可能具有重要的心理功能。基于 E. Becker（1969）的存在主义理论，作者认为，人们将对敌人的夸大影响归因于对环境控制感降低的补偿。在研究 1 中，在感知控制方面表现出较低倾向的个体通过将更多的影响力归因于个人敌人来应对外部危险的提醒。在研究 2 中，对外部危险控制的情境威胁增强了参与者对政治敌人阴谋力量的信念。在研究 3 中，通过研究这种过程的调节因素和结果表明，当更广泛的社会系统出现混乱时，参与者尤其可能将对生活事件的影响归因于敌人，在控制威胁的情况下，将一个模糊的强大敌人视为敌人会降低对外部风险的感知，并增强个人控制感。在研究 4 中表明。
