Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington DC 20005, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Mar;38(3 Suppl):S327-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.017.
Tobacco use kills more than 400,000 Americans every year. For smokers, quitting is the biggest step they can take to improve their health, but it is a difficult step. Fortunately, policy-based interventions can both encourage smokers to quit and help them succeed. Evidence shows that tobacco tax increases encourage smokers to quit-recent state and federal increases have created dramatic surges in calls to quitlines. Similarly, smokefree workplace laws not only protect workers and patrons from secondhand smoke but also encourage smokers to quit, help them succeed, and create a social environment less conducive to smoking. The impact of policy changes can be amplified by promoting quitting around the date they are implemented. Outreach to health practitioners can alert them to encourage their patients to quit. Earned and paid media can also be used to motivate smokers to quit when policy changes are put into effect. Although these policies and efforts regarding them can generate great demand for evidence-based cessation services such as counseling and medication, it is important to make these resources available for those wanting to quit. Public and private health insurance plans should provide coverage for cessation services, and states should invest tobacco tax and/or tobacco settlement dollars in smoking-cessation programs as recommended by the CDC. Finally, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act has given the U.S. Food and Drug Administration new authority to regulate tobacco products and marketing, and to prevent tobacco companies from deceptively marketing new products that discourage smokers from quitting and keep them addicted.
烟草使用每年导致超过 40 万美国人死亡。对于吸烟者来说，戒烟是改善健康的最大一步，但这是一个艰难的步骤。幸运的是，基于政策的干预措施既可以鼓励吸烟者戒烟，又可以帮助他们成功。有证据表明，提高烟草税会鼓励吸烟者戒烟——最近州和联邦政府的提税导致戒烟热线的呼叫量急剧增加。同样，无烟工作场所法律不仅保护工人和顾客免受二手烟的危害，还鼓励吸烟者戒烟，帮助他们成功戒烟，并营造一个不利于吸烟的社会环境。通过在政策实施之日前后宣传戒烟，可以放大政策变化的影响。向卫生保健从业者提供信息可以提醒他们鼓励其患者戒烟。付费和免费媒体也可以用于在实施政策变化时激励吸烟者戒烟。尽管这些政策以及围绕它们的努力可能会对基于证据的戒烟服务（如咨询和药物治疗）产生巨大需求，但为那些想要戒烟的人提供这些资源很重要。公共和私人健康保险计划应提供戒烟服务的覆盖范围，并且各州应按照疾病预防控制中心的建议，投资烟草税和/或烟草和解金用于戒烟计划。最后，《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》赋予美国食品和药物管理局新的权力来监管烟草产品和营销，并防止烟草公司欺骗性地推销新产品，这些产品会阻止吸烟者戒烟并使他们上瘾。
